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. 2024 Jan 25;22:37. doi: 10.1186/s12916-024-03254-w

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Change of mean HbA1c between baseline and end of 2-year follow-up with FGM

DI: deprivation index. ªp value for Pillais’s trace ANOVA test for repeated measures with HbA1c at baseline and at the end of follow-up as intra-subject factors by SES quartile, controlling for time course of T1D and smoking behavior. Interaction term HbA1c* DI quartile (p = 0.021). The HbA1c of all groups of individuals improved (p < 0.001) regardless of their level of deprivation