Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population according to socioeconomic status (SES) quartiles
| Variable | Obs n= 1060 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 47.7 (±15.0) | 47.5 ±16.3 | 47.6 ±14.6 | 48.3 ± 14.3 | 46.6 ± 14.7 | 0.5841 |
| Sex women | 519 (49.0) | 146 (50.0) | 148 (51.0) | 134 (46.5) | 140 (48.3) | 0.7142 |
| Age debut (years) | 26.3 (±15.7) | 25.4 ± 17.6 | 26.8 ± 15.5 | 26.4 ± 14.8 | 25.3 ± 14.8 | 0.5481 |
| Net income/person/year (€) | 16985.2 ±6013.7 | 23671 ± 5745 | 18017±4334 | 14133 ± 2600 | 11852 ± 1806 | <0.0011 |
| Multiple daily injections | 1011 (95.4) | 275 (95.8) | 275 (95.8) | 262 (94.2) | 271 (94.1) | 0.6512 |
| Open loop Insulin pump (CSII) | 49 (4.6) | 12 (4.2) | 12 (4.2) | 16 (5.8) | 17 (5.9) | 0.6512 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 25.8 (± 5.6) | 25.6 ± 8.1 | 25.9 ± 4.5 | 25.6 ± 8.1 | 25.8 ± 4.3 | 0.2791 |
| Smokers | 215 (20.3) | 45 (15.6) | 51 (17.7) | 65 (23.1) | 68 (23.5) | 0.0402 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 21.5 (± 13.3) | 21.7 ± 14.9 | 20.5 ± 12.2 | 21.9 ± 12.8 | 21.1 ± 12.7 | 0.5441 |
| Mean pre-FGM HbA1c ( mmol/mol) | 7.9 ± 1.4 (62±16) | 7.6 ± 1.3 | 7.8 ±1.3 | 8.0±1.4 | 8.1 ± 1.5 | <0.0011 |
| Insulin (UDS/Kg) | 0.60 ± 0.24 | 0.57 ± 0.23 | 0.61 ± 0.25 | 0.63 ± 0.24 | 0.60 ± 0.24 | 0.1261 |
| Retinopathy | 269 (25.4) | 70 (24.6) | 69 (24.1) | 79 (28.2) | 67 (23.3) | 0.5422 |
| Nefropathyª | 127 (12.7) | 28 (11.1) | 38 (14.5) | 30 (11.5) | 32 (11.8) | 0.6142 |
| Stroke/Ishcemic cardiopathy | 55 (5.2) | 7 (2.4) | 16 (5.5) | 17 (5.9) | 20 (6.9) | 0.0812 |
Table 1 describes the characteristics of the study sample
Differences were analyzed with the ANOVA1 and Chi-square test2 test
Abbreviations: BMI Body mass index