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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jan 25.
Published in final edited form as: J Appl Biomech. 2023 Apr 27;39(3):157–168. doi: 10.1123/jab.2022-0196

Table I:

Category descriptions for practice contact characteristics

Drill Intensity Description

1 Athlete contacts a soft contact surface (i.e., bag)
2 Athlete is assigned a slower speed and cannot tackle
3 Athlete is assigned a slower speed and can tackle in a controlled manner
4 Athlete is assigned a competition speed and cannot tackle
5 Athlete can move through the drill as if in a competition

Drill Classification Description

Minimal or No Player Contact Athlete has minimal or no contact with equipment or another athlete (i.e., Dummy or Sled, Individual, 1-on-1 Pass)
Single Player vs Player Contact Athlete engages in contact with one other athlete (i.e., Angle Tackle, 1-on-1 Block, 1-on-1 Tackle, 1-on-1 Pass, Open Field Tackle)
Multiple Player vs Player Contact Athletes engage in contact with multiple other athletes (i.e., Oklahoma, Team Scrimmage, Inside Run, Skelly)

Drill Type Description

1-on-1 Block 1-vs-1 blocking where 1 player blocks an opposing player
1-on-1 Pass Players compete to catch a pass
1-on-1 Tackle 1-vs-1 tackling with 2 players starting <3 yds apart and tackle
Angle Tackle 1-vs-1 tackling 2 players starting >3 yds apart at an angle
Dummy or Sled Player tackles or blocks a dummy or sled
Individual Players participate in a variety of position-specific drills
Inside Run Live scrimmage without skill players (i.e., wide receivers, cornerbacks)
Oklahoma 2-vs-2 tackling with tackler, blockers, and ball carrier in confined space
Open Field Tackle 1-vs-1 tackling with 2 players starting >3 yds apart and tackle head on
Skelly Live scrimmage without linemen
Team Scrimmage Live scrimmage