Extended Data Fig. 5 |. The Perceptual Summation model predicts ensemble memory for shape with a range manipulation.

Graphical representation of TCC model’s fit and prediction of data in Experiment 4. In this experiment participants had to remember simultaneously presented shapes, and the range of shapes was manipulated in the ensemble task. The top row of panel A shows the fits of the TCC model for individual items to aggregate data from the visual working memory task for six items, and the second row of panel A shows results from the predictive analysis in which d’ estimates from the visual working memory task were substituted into the TCC Perceptual Summation (blue), Post-perceptual (red) and Automatic Averaging (green) models to predict the ensemble data. Panel B shows data and model predictions for a few example participants.