Specificity of CteC-mediated ubiquitin (Ub) mono-ADP-ribosylation (MARylation).A, concentration-dependent Ub MARylation by CteC. B, sequence comparison of Ub to UBLs. Residues corresponding to Ub T66 are marked red. C, protein substrate specificity of CteC. D, residue specificity of CteC. For (C) and (D), reactions using NAD+ were analyzed via native PAGE and stained by Coomassie blue. Reactions using biotin–NAD+ were analyzed by Western blotting following SDS-PAGE, with loading shown via SDS-PAGE and stained by Coomassie Blue. In (D), ADPR-Ub on native PAGE was marked by red asterisks. ADPR, ADP ribose; UBL, Ub-like protein.