Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the derivation cohort.
| Baseline characteristics | Derivation cohort (n = 512) | Mortality | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Survived (n = 364) | Deceased (n = 148) | ||
| Age, years | 55 (44–64) | 54 (41–63) | 58 (50–65) |
| Male | 260 (50.8) | 169 (46.4) | 91 (61.5) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.22 (22.25–27.18) | 24.44 (22.23–27.06) | 23.88 (22.32–27.68) |
| Current smokers | 25 (6.8) | 23 (6.3) | 12 (8.1) |
| Symptoms onset, days | 4 (2–7) | 4 (2–7) | 5 (3–7) |
| Intubation on admission | 7 (1.4) | 3 (0.8) | 4 (2.7) |
| Length of stay, days | 9.00 (5.25–13.00) | 10.00 (7.00–14.00) | 6.00 (3.00–10.75) |
| Disease severity | |||
| Mild | 30 (5.9) | 29 (8.0) | 1 (0.7) |
| Moderate | 211 (41.2) | 168 (46.2) | 43 (29.1) |
| Severe | 158 (30.9) | 96 (26.4) | 62 (41.9) |
| Critically ill | 113 (22.1) | 71 (19.5) | 42 (28.4) |
| Complications and coincidences | |||
| Sepsis | 65 (12.7) | 44 (12.1) | 21 (14.2) |
| Septic shock | 46 (9.0) | 24 (6.6) | 22 (14.9) |
| ARDS | 79 (15.4) | 47 (12.9) | 32 (21.6) |
| Secondary infection | 70 (13.7) | 48 (13.2) | 22 (14.9) |
| Comorbidities | |||
| No. of comorbidities | |||
| 0 | 130 (25.4) | 100 (27.5) | 30 (20.3) |
| 1 | 174 (34.0) | 124 (34.1) | 50 (33.8) |
| 2 | 120 (23.4) | 84 (23.1) | 36 (24.3) |
| 3 | 50 (9.8) | 34 (9.3) | 16 (10.8) |
| 4 | 24 (4.7) | 14 (3.8) | 10 (6.8) |
| 5 | 10 (2.0 | 7 (1.9) | 3 (2.0) |
| 6 | 3 (0.6) | 1 (0.3) | 2 (1.4) |
| 7 | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.7) |
| Hypertension | 187 (36.5) | 131 (36.0) | 56 (37.8) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 187 (36.5) | 125 (34.3) | 62 (41.9) |
| Obesity | 122 (23.8) | 91 (25.0) | 31 (20.9) |
| Coronary heart disease | 67 (13.1) | 43 (11.8) | 24 (16.2) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 47 (9.2) | 25 (6.9) | 22 (14.9) |
| Congestive heart failure | 21 (4.1) | 11 (3.0) | 10 (6.8) |
| Cancer | 20 (3.9) | 10 2.7) | 10 (6.8) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 14 (2.7) | 10 (2.7) | 4 (2.7) |
| Asthma | 10 (2.0) | 7 (1.9) | 3 (2.0) |
| COPD | 8 (1.6) | 5 (1.4) | 3 (2.0) |
| Pulmonary tuberculosis | 6 (1.2) | 3 (0.8) | 3 (2.0) |
| Autoimmune | 5 (1.0) | 4 (1.1) | 1 (0.7) |
| Chronic liver disease | 3 (0.6) | 1 (0.3) | 2 (1.4) |
| HIV/AIDS | 3 (0.6) | 2 (0.5) | 1 (0.7) |
Categorical data are summarized using frequencies and percentages n (%). Continuous data are presented either as mean values with standard deviation (mean ± SD) for normally distributed data, or as median values with the first and third quartiles [median (Q1–Q3)] for data that are not normally distributed. BMI Body Mass Index, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.