Table 2.
Clinical, laboratory and radiological findings of the derivation cohort (n[%]; mean ± SD; median [Q1–Q3]).
| Baseline characteristics | Derivation cohort (n = 512) | Mortality | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Survived (n = 364) | Deceased (n = 148) | ||
| Signs and symptoms | |||
| Cough | 346 (67.6) | 250 (68.7) | 96 (64.9) |
| Fever | 283 (55.3) | 204 (56.0) | 79 (53.4) |
| Dyspnoea | 261 (51.0) | 168 (46.2) | 93 (62.8) |
| Nausea | 114 (22.3) | 77 (21.2) | 37 (25.0) |
| Malaise | 101 (19.7) | 70 (19.2) | 31 (20.9) |
| Vomiting | 89 (17.4) | 57 (15.7) | 32 (21.6) |
| Anorexia | 80 (15.6) | 52 (14.3) | 28 (18.9) |
| Headache | 60 (11.7) | 47 (12.9) | 13 (8.8) |
| Rhinorrhea | 57 (11.1) | 44 (12.1) | 13 (8.8) |
| Anosmia/hyposmia | 53 (10.4) | 48 (13.2) | 5 (3.4) |
| Diarrhea | 45 (8.8) | 30 (8.2) | 15 (10.1) |
| Myalgia | 37 (7.2) | 28 (7.7) | 9 (6.1) |
| Abdominal pain | 32 (6.3) | 18 (4.9) | 14 (9.5) |
| Sore throat | 25 (4.9) | 23 (6.3) | 2 (1.4) |
| Loss of consciousness | 22 (4.3) | 9 (2.5) | 13 (8.8) |
| Chest pain | 17 (3.3) | 12 (3.3) | 5 (3.4) |
| Vital signs | |||
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 128.50 (113.25–142.00) | 12.50 (117.00–142.00) | 128.50 (110.00–145.00) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 80.00 (70.00–87.00) | 80.00 (72.00–87.75) | 79.00 (64.75–87.00) |
| Mean arterial pressure, mmHg | 95.00 (86.75–105.58) | 95.17 (87.67–105.33) | 94.50 (81.85–105.92) |
| Pulse rate, beats/min | 97 (85–108) | 96 (84–105) | 100 (88–113) |
| Respiratory rate, breaths/min | 24 (20–26) | 23 (20–25) | 24 (22–28) |
| Temperature, °C | 36.50 (36.00–37.00) | 36.50 (36.00–37.00) | 36.55 (36.00–37.00) |
| Peripheral oxygen saturation, % | 95.00 (89.00–98.00) | 96.00 (91.00–98.00) | 89.50 (82.25–96.00) |
| Laboratory findings | |||
| Haemoglobin, g/dL | 13.10 (11.60–14.50) | 13.10 (11.70–14.48) | 12.80 (11.50–14.68) |
| Leukocyte, 103 cell/µL | 8.32 (5.87–11.44) | 8.05 (5.76–10.60) | 9.81 (6.45–14.41) |
| Neutrophil, % | 77.75 (69.30–85.78) | 75.65 (66.65–83.80) | 83.80 (76.93–89.78) |
| Lymphocyte, % | 14.25 (8.50–20.78) | 16.15 (9.40–22.48) | 10.70 (5.70–17.28) |
| Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio | 5.36 (3.32–9.91) | 4.64 (3.02–8.61) | 7.83 (4.38–15.85) |
| Thrombocyte, 103 cell/µL | 243.50 (176.00–322.75) | 251.50 (183.25–330.75) | 234.50 (168.50–308.00) |
| Serum urea, mg/dL | 15.10 (10.50–26.20) | 13.60 (9.70–22.08) | 23.75 (13.70–48.88) |
| Sodium, mmol/L | 135.00 (131.00–138.00) | 135.00 (132.00–138.00) | 134.85 (131.00–138.00) |
| Potassium, mmol/L | 4.02 (3.66–4.47) | 4.00 (3.64–4.34) | 4.12 (3.68–4.74) |
| Radiological findings | |||
| Radiological pneumonia | |||
| Unilateral | 11 (2.1) | 8 (2.2) | 3 (2.0) |
| Bilateral | 401 (78.3) | 274 (75.3) | 127 (85.8) |
| Pleural effusion | 6 (1.2) | 1 (0.3) | 5 (3.4) |
| AI processed parameter | |||
| Affected lung area score, % | 15.65 (2.92–33.65) | 9.87 (1.75–28.13) | 28.47 (10.83–42.60) |
| Probability score, % | 81.70 (59.02–98.82) | 73.50 (56.24–98.14) | 93.88 (63.62–99.48) |
Categorical data are summarized using frequencies and percentages n (%). Continuous data are presented either as mean values with standard deviation (mean ± SD) for normally distributed data, or as median values with the first and third quartiles [median (Q1–Q3)] for data that are not normally distributed. AI artificial intelligence.