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. 2024 Jan 26;14:64. doi: 10.1038/s41398-024-02761-x

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — A1, B1 Responders showed a larger decrease at stage A1 and a larger increase at stage B2/3 compared to non-responders. No significant difference was found between ketamine and placebo. The mean percentage and the corresponding error bar (representing ±1 standard error) were depicted in the figure. A2, B2 Mean median vigilance (averaged across start-pre and end-pre) and the corresponding error bar (represent ±1 standard error) were depicted in the figure. The median vigilance of responders decreased faster compared to non-responders. No significant difference was found between ketamine and placebo. Responders (and non-responders) were defined based on the response following ketamine infusion throughout the analysis.