Table 1.
Zebrafish GBM xenografting protocol parameters extracted from the reviewed articles, including the zebrafish strain, the cancer cell line, the cell labeling technique, the injected cell number, the time and site of injection, the xenograft maintenance temperature, and their corresponding protocol reference (if any)
| Reference | Zebrafish strain | Cancer cell line | Cell labelling | Cell number (Suspension volume, Concentration) | Time of injection | Injection site | Xenograft maintenance temperature | Based on |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ai et al. [52] | Tg(kdrl:EGFP) × Nacre | U251-MG, U87-MG, patient-derived (#109, #24, GSCs BNI-21, BNI-23) | mCherry, CFSE fluorescent dye | 100 (3–5 nL) | 72 hpf | Orthtopic; midbrain (optic tectum) | 33 °C | Pudelko (2018) |
| Almstedt et al. [34] | Casper (roy;nacre), Tg(kdrl:mCherry) | Patient-derived | GFP, luciferase | 150 | 24 hpf | Orthtopic; midbrain | 33 °C | |
| Barbieri et al. [24] | Wild type; AB | GSCs (GBM3) | ZsGreen | 150–200 | 48 hpf | Orthtopic; hindbrain | 32 °C | Grissenberger (2021) |
| Gabler et al. [39] | mitfab692/b692; ednrbab140/b140 | BTL1528, FGFR4-KD | GFP | Not mentioned | 48 hpf | Heterotopic; yolk sac | 34 °C | Martinez-Lopez (2021) |
| Liang et al. [35] | Casper (roy;nacre) | GSCs (GSC23) | CellTracker™ Green CMFDA | 250 | 24 hpf | Heterotopic; perivitelline space (PVS) | 34 °C | |
| Lubanska et al. [58] | Not mentioned | U251-MG, patient-derived | Fluorescently labelled | (9.2 nL, 106cells/mL) | 72 hpf | Heterotopic; yolk sac (centre) | Not mentioned | Canella et al. [61], Welker et al. [40] |
| Peglion et al. [56] | Tg(Huc:GFP) | U87 | mKate2 | 20–50 | 72 hpf | Orthotopic; midbrain | 32 °C | |
| Wilms et al. [17] | Wild type, Tg(olig2:GPF), Tg(βact:Grx2) | U343-MGA | Fluorescently labelled | 300 | 3.5 hpf | Orthotopic; blastula | 33 °C | |
| Xu et al. [59] | Not mentioned | U251-HF | GFP | 50 | 36 hpf | Orthotopic; forebrain, midbrain | 32 °C | Canella et al. [61], Welker et al. [40] |
| Zhang et al. [33] | Not mentioned | U251/U87:HMC3 (2:1) | LV3, LV10 | 200 (5 nL) | 3.5–4.5 hpf | Heterotopic; yolk sac (centre) | 28 °C (1 h), 31 °C | Geiger et al. [44] (modified) |
| Benson et al. [60] | Not mentioned | U87 | nlsCrimson | 50 | 48 hpf | Heterotopic; yolk sac (edge) | Not mentioned | Yang (2013), Vittori et al. [29], Vargas-Patron et al. [19] |
| Caja et al. [43] | Tg(fli1:EGFP) | Patient-derived | Fluorescently labelled | 400 | 48 hpf | Heterotopic; duct of Cuvier | 33 °C | Ren (2017) |
| Porčnik et al. [25] | Wild type; AB | U87, GSCs (NCH421K), U373 | DsRed, GFP | 50–100 (5 nL) | 52 hpf | Orthotopic; brain | 31 °C | Porčnik et al. [25] |
| Rudzinska-Radecka et al. [42] | Tg(fli1:EGFP) | U87 | CM-DiI | 500 (5 nL) | 6 hpf, 48 hpf | Orthotopic; hindbrain ventricle | 35 °C | Wehmas et al. [32], Marques (2009), Berens (2016) |
| Wang et al. [26] | Wild type; AB | U251, U87 | Fluorescently labelled | 300 | 48 hpf | Heterotopic; yolk sac | 35 °C | Vargas-Patron et al. [19] |
| Wu et al. [30] | Wild type; AB/Tübingen (AB/TU) | U87-MG | DiO | 100 | 48 hpf | Orthotopic; brain | 32 °C | Yu et al. [18] |
| Zhang (2021) | Wild type; AB | U87-MG | RFP | 50–100 (5 nL) | 48 hpf | Orthotopic; brain | 28 °C | |
| Zhong et al. [27] | Not mentioned | U251 | CM-DiI | 2 × 104cells/μL | 48 hpf | Heterotopic; yolk sac | 32 °C | |
| Angom et al. [36] | Casper (roy;nacre) | Patient-derived (GBM1A, GBM22) | GFP, luciferase | 50–100, 200–300 | 36 hpf | Orthotopic; brain ventricle | 32 °C | |
| Cam et al. [37] | Casper (roy;nacre) | DBTRG, SJ-GBM2 | GFP (LV) | 25–50 | 36 hpf | Orthotopic; midbrain-hindbrain boundary | 32 °C | Welker et al. [40] |
| Nešović et al. [31] | Tg(fli1:EGFP) × Casper | Patient-derived (GBM22), D54-MG | CM-DiI, td-Tomato | 25–50 (1 μL) | 72 hpf | Orthotopic; midbrain-hindbrain boundary | 32 °C | |
| Umans et al. [45] | Tg(fli1:EGFP) × Casper | patient-derived (GBM22), D54-MG | CM-DiI, td-Tomato | 25–50 (1 μL) | 72 hpf | Orthotopic; midbrain-hindbrain boundary | 32 °C | |
| Yu et al. [18] | Wild type | U251 | CM-DiI | 200 (4.6 nL) | 48 hpf | Heterotopic; yolk sac | 28 °C | |
| Vargas-Patron et al. [19] | Wild type | ATCC® CRL-1718™ human astrocytoma | CellTrace™ Far Red | 100 (1–3 nL, 3000 cells/mL) | 48 hpf | Heterotopic; yolk sac | 33 °C | |
| Banasavadi-Siddegowda et al. [38] | Casper (roy;nacre) | Patient-derived (GBM neurospheres) | GFP | 50 | 36 hpf | Orthotopic; midbrain-hindbrain boundary | 32 °C (5d), 28 °C | |
| Fan et al. [20] | Wild type | U251, U87-MG | CM-DiI | 200 (10 μL) | 48 hpf | Heterotopic; yolk sac | 28 °C (1 h), 32 °C | |
| Gamble et al. [47] | Tg(fli1:EGFP) | U251-MG | Fluorescently labelled | 25–100 | 48 hpf | Orthotopic; hindbrain ventricle | 33 °C | |
| Pudelko (2018) | Wild type; Tupfel long fin (TL), Tg(fli1:EGFP), Tg(mpeg1:mCherry), Tg(gfap:GFP), Tg(Huc:GFP), Zebrabow | U343-MGA, patient-derived (#18,#3101, #3024) | GFP, CM-DiI | 100 | 3.5 hpf | Orthotopic; blastula | 33 °C | |
| Breznik et al. [28] | Wild type; AB | U373/U87:MSCs (1:1) | dsRED, GFP, CM-DiI, DiO | 50–100 (5 nL) | 52 hpf | Orthotopic; brain | 31 °C | |
| Canella et al. [61] | Not mentioned | U251-HF | GFP | 25–50 | 36 hpf | Orthotopic; midbrain-hindbrain boundary | 32 °C | Welker et al. [40] |
| Lai et al. [54] | Tg(kdrl:mCherry) | U373 | GFP | 300–400 | 48 hpf | heterotopic; yolk sac | 31 °C (1 h), 35 °C | |
| Schnekenburger et al. [21] | Wild type | U373, HS683 oligodendroglial | CM-DiI | 100–200 | 48 hpf | Heterotopic; yolk sac | 28.5 °C | Florean (2016) (modified) |
| Vittori et al. [29] | Wild type; AB | U87 | DsRed | 50–100 (3 × 107 cells/mL) | 52 hpf | Heterotopic/orthotopic; yolk sac, brain | 31 °C | Welker et al. [40] |
| Welker et al. [41] | ABLF (ABxTupfel long fin) × Casper (roy;nacre) | Patient-derived (GBM9 neurospheres) | GPF | 50–75 | 36 hpf | Orthotopic; midbrain-hindbrain boundary | 32 °C | |
| Zeng et al. [46] | Tg(fli1:EGFP) × Casper | U251, U87 | RFP, GFP | 200–500 (107cells/mL) | 72 hpf | Orthotopic; brain | 33 °C | |
| Hamilton et al. [55] | Tg(mpeg1:mCherry), irf8−/− mutant | U251, U87 | CM-DiI | 8–30 | 72 hpf | Orthotopic; midbrain (optic tectum) | 34 °C | |
| Ren et al. [51] | Tg(fli1:EGFP) | U87 | RFP | 104 | 48 hpf | Heterotopic; yolk sac | 35 °C | |
| Wehmas et al. [32] | Wild type; tropical 5D (T5D) | U87-MG | CM-DiI | 50–100 | 42–72 hpf | Orthotopic; hindbrain ventricle | 33 °C (± 1 °C) | |
| Welker et al. [40] | ABLF (ABxTupfel long fin) × Casper (roy;nacre) | Patient-derived (GBM9 neurospheres, X12) | GPF | 50, 100 | 36 hpf | Orthotopic; midbrain-hindbrain boundary | 32 °C | |
| Yang et al. [50] | Tg(fli1:EGFP) | U87-MG | DiO | 9.2 nL (25 × 107 cells/mL) | 48 hpf | Orthotopic; brain ventricle | 28 °C | |
| Rampazzo et al. [57] | Tg(hsp70:dkk-GFP) | Patient-derived | Luciferase | 100–150 (20-50nL) | 168 hpf | Orthotopic; midbrain-hindbrain boundary | 34 °C | |
| Yang et al. [48] | Tg(fli1:EGFP) | U87-MG | RFP | 300 | 48 hpf | Heterotopic; yolk sac (centre) | 35 °C | |
| Yang et al. [49] | Tg(fli1:EGFP) | U87-MG | RFP | 200 | 48 hpf | Heterotopic; yolk sac | 28 °C (1 h), 31 °C, 33 °C or 35 °C | Nicoli (2007) |
| Li et al. [53] | Tg(VEGFR2:G-RCFP) | U87 | DsRed | (10-30nL, 108cells/mL) | 48 hpf | Heterotopic; perivitelline space (PVS) | 28 °C | Nicoli (2007) |
| Zhao et al. [23] | Wild type; Tupfel long fin (TL) | U87-MG, U87-L | Luciferase | 6 hpf | 6 hpf | Heterotopic; yolk sac (centre) | 28 °C | |
| Geiger et al. [44] | Tg(fli1:EGFP) | U251 | RFP | 3.5–4.5 hpf | 3.5–4.5 hpf | Heterotopic; yolk sac | 28 °C (1 h), 31 °C |