. 2024 Jan 12;11:1280998. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1280998

TABLE 4.

Relative abundance of amino acids and derivatives in cumulus cells. Cumulus cells were collected from young mares (Yg, n = 8) and old mares (Old, n = 6) at 0 h (GV, germinal vesicle stage) or 24 h (MI, metaphase I stage) after maturation induction, with additional oocytes collected as 24 h and cultured in vitro for an additional 18 h (MIIC, metaphase II stage after culture). Results are presented as mean ± SEM and correction factor of 10x (CF). p-values for the main effect of stage (MS) and the interaction (INT) of stage-by-age are included in the table; the main effect of age was not significant (p > 0.05) for any of the metabolites. Different superscripts within a row represent differences at ^a,b,c p < 0.05 or ^d,e,f p < 0.1. Superscripts within a column for the same metabolite represent differences between Yg and Old at ^* p < 0.05 or ⁺ p < 0.1.

Amino acids and derivatives	Age	GV	MI	MIIC	CF	MS	INT
α-ketobutyrate	Yg	1.57 ± 0.18^a	22.20 ± 3.37^b	34.26 ± 6.20^b	10³	<0.001	0.24
α-ketobutyrate	Old	1.95 ± 0.23^a	18.60 ± 3.39^b	21.17 ± 3.10^b	10³	<0.001	0.24
Alanine	Yg	12.11 ± 0.93^a	8.09 ± 1.36^a	31.54 ± 3.52^b,+	10⁶	<0.001	0.04
Alanine	Old	11.59 ± 2.27^ab	8.33 ± 1.50^a	21.69 ± 2.27^b,+	10⁶	<0.001	0.04
Cysteine	Yg	1.75 ± 0.27^ab,d	1.43 ± 0.16^a	5.04 ± 1.03^b,e	10⁵	0.01	0.45
Cysteine	Old	1.29 ± 0.11	1.55 ± 0.38	7.36 ± 3.35	10⁵	0.01	0.45
Cysteinyl-Proline	Yg	5.38 ± 2.38	2.65 ± 1.24	140.09 ± 55.80	10²	0.01	0.31
Cysteinyl-Proline	Old	6.78 ± 2.74^a	3.42 ± 1.15^a	70.54 ± 18.28^b	10²	0.01	0.31
ɛ-polylysine	Yg	54.52 ± 26.91^de	103.39 ± 29.28^d	9.41 ± 4.83^e	10³	<0.01	0.86
ɛ-polylysine	Old	38.11 ± 23.96	89.00 ± 21.74	15.32 ± 13.03	10³	<0.01	0.86
Glutamic acid	Yg	5.22 ± 0.44^a,*	7.36 ± 0.93^a,*	85.24 ± 9.21^b	10⁵	<0.001	0.76
Glutamic acid	Old	11.36 ± 3.08^a,*	15.20 ± 3.27^b,d,*	85.80 ± 21.33^b,e	10⁵	<0.001	0.76
Glycine (3TMS)	Yg	2.84 ± 0.12^a	2.35 ± 0.16^a,+	7.71 ± 0.54^b	10⁷	<0.001	0.07
Glycine (3TMS)	Old	2.81 ± 0.10^a	3.12 ± 0.42^a,+	6.39 ± 0.79^b	10⁷	<0.001	0.07
Glycine (2TMS)	Yg	6.76 ± 0.54^a,*	6.69 ± 0.32^a	2.70 ± 0.42^b	10⁷	<0.001	0.20
Glycine (2TMS)	Old	4.97 ± 0.62^ab,d,*	5.25 ± 0.84^a	2.61 ± 0.76^b,e	10⁷	<0.001	0.20
Glycyl-tyrosine	Yg	71.47 ± 26.08^ab	98.31 ± 20.53^a	4.44 ± 1.90^b	10⁴	<0.001	0.47
Glycyl-tyrosine	Old	45.70 ± 21.6^a	116.89 ± 15.65^b	25.70 ± 23.36^ab	10⁴	<0.001	0.47
Pyroglutamic acid	Yg	5.32 ± 1.67^a	5.49 ± 0.70^a	91.45 ± 4.37^b	10⁶	<0.001	0.18
Pyroglutamic acid	Old	5.49 ± 0.72^a	18.53 ± 9.52^a	81.82 ± 16.20^b	10⁶	<0.001	0.18
Serine	Yg	2.92 ± 0.86^a	1.09 ± 0.37^a	7.90 ± 0.53^b	10⁶	0.01	0.32
Serine	Old	3.02 ± 1.31	4.16 ± 3.30	6.93 ± 1.21	10⁶	0.01	0.32
Threonine	Yg	4.82 ± 1.39^a	3.05 ± 0.35^a	50.94 ± 4.69^b	10⁵	<0.001	0.17
Threonine	Old	3.60 ± 0.65^a	7.80 ± 4.07^a	40.51 ± 8.34^b	10⁵	<0.001	0.17