Figure 1.

Flowchart of management types, response to treatment and outcomes for the 35 queens presenting in dystocia. Seven queens received no treatment. Seven queens were taken directly to surgery. Twenty-one queens received medical management, consisting of digital manipulation (DM), digital manipulation and oxytocin (20 U/ml) administration (DM + Oxy), oxytocin administration alone (Oxy), oxytocin and 10% calcium gluconate administration (Oxy + CaGlu), or a combination of digital manipulation and oxytocin and calcium gluconate administration (DM + Oxy + CaGlu). Medically managed queens displayed either no response, a partial response or a complete response. One medically managed queen was discharged before the response could be documented and thus her response was unknown. Six queens received surgery after displaying either no or partial response to medical management. One queen died after surgery and one was euthanized prior to treatment. All remaining queens were discharged with either all neonates delivered or fetuses remaining in utero. Numerals in parenthesis represent the number of queens in each category