Table 12.
Final multivariable binary logistic regression model for owners finding their dogs behaviour worse than expected up to 21 months of age relative to soon after acquisition amongst a cohort of UK Pandemic Puppies acquired <16 weeks of age between 1 July and 31 December 2020 (n = 756). † Included as per information theory as a variable of a priori interest, regardless of significance. ° Retained in model by selection during automatic backwards elimination. ‡ Dog demographic variables individually used to replace breed (most common 12 breeds at 21 months) in the original model. • Dog behaviour variables individually used to replace total number of undesirable behaviours in the original model. * 95% confidence interval. Significant results in the table are formatted in bold font.
| Variable | Category | Odds Ratio | 95% CI * | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| • Number of reaction to familiar people behaviours | 0 | Ref | ||
| ≥1 | 5.90 | 2.97–11.74 | <0.001 | |
| • Number of reaction to other dogs behaviours | 0 | Ref | ||
| ≥1 | 5.70 | 3.63–8.97 | <0.001 | |
| • Number of control behaviours | 0 | Ref | ||
| ≥1 | 5.70 | 2.17–15.00 | <0.001 | |
| • Number of aggressive behaviours | 0 | Ref | ||
| ≥1 | 5.54 | 3.51–8.75 | <0.001 | |
| †‡ Typical adult bodyweight | ≤10 kg | 1.26 | 0.65–2.45 | 0.493 |
| 10 to <20 kg | Ref | |||
| 20 to <30 kg | 1.34 | 0.71–2.56 | 0.370 | |
| 30 to <40 kg | 1.86 | 0.90–3.83 | 0.094 | |
| ≥ 40 kg | 5.24 | 1.08–25.47 | 0.040 | |
| Attended adult training classes >16 weeks | No | Ref | ||
| Yes, in person | 2.17 | 1.32–3.27 | 0.002 | |
| Yes, online | 3.68 | 1.39–9.76 | 0.009 | |
| • Number of attention-seeking behaviours | 0 | Ref | ||
| ≥1 | 3.36 | 1.69–6.67 | <0.001 | |
| • Number of fear/avoidance behaviours | 0 | Ref | ||
| ≥1 | 2.71 | 1.77–4.16 | <0.001 | |
| • Number of reaction to unfamiliar people behaviours | 0 | Ref | ||
| ≥1 | 2.40 | 1.53–3.78 | <0.001 | |
| Total number owner reported undesirable behaviours | 1.41 | 1.30–1.53 | <0.001 | |
| Exercise frequency (off-lead) |
Never | 1.57 | 0.58–4.28 | 0.376 |
| <Once a week | 0.64 | 0.15–2.68 | 0.540 | |
| Once a week | 1.80 | 0.63–5.12 | 0.272 | |
| Several times per week | 1.08 | 0.56–2.05 | 0.824 | |
| Once per day | Ref | |||
| Twice per day | 0.68 | 0.36–1.30 | 0.242 | |
| >Twice per day | 0.26 | 0.10–0.68 | 0.006 | |
| Change in time left alone from <16 weeks |
Same amount of time | Ref | ||
| Less time | 2.43 | 0.77–7.71 | 0.131 | |
| More time (≤4 h) | 0.65 | 0.39–1.08 | 0.098 | |
| More time (>4 h) | 0.38 | 0.16–0.88 | 0.024 | |
| † First-time dog owner | No | Ref | ||
| Yes | 1.31 | 0.76–2.26 | 0.331 | |
| † Owner age | 18–24 years | 1.91 | 0.61–5.90 | 0.264 |
| 25–34 years | 2.01 | 0.99–4.10 | 0.055 | |
| 35–44 years | 1.29 | 0.61–2.76 | 0.507 | |
| 45–54 years | Ref | |||
| 55–64 years | 1.62 | 0.79–3.33 | 0.186 | |
| ≥65 years | 1.55 | 0.64–3.76 | 0.336 | |
| † Owner gender | Female | Ref | ||
| Male | 0.48 | 0.18–1.28 | 0.144 | |
| † Dog sex | Female | Ref | ||
| Male | 1.06 | 0.65–1.71 | 0.820 | |
| † Neutered | No | Ref | ||
| Yes | 1.39 | 0.82–2.34 | 0.223 | |
| †‡ Purebred status | Crossbred | Ref | ||
| Purebred | 1.30 | 0.45–3.73 | 0.632 | |
| Designer Crossbred | 0.77 | 0.25–2.38 | 0.646 | |
| † Breed | Crossbred | Ref | ||
| Border Collie | 2.96 | 0.69–12.79 | 0.145 | |
| Golden Retriever | 2.19 | 0.39–12.18 | 0.372 | |
| Labrador Retriever | 1.69 | 0.48–5.89 | 0.411 | |
| English Springer Spaniel | 1.36 | 0.19–9.58 | 0.761 | |
| Other | 1.27 | 0.43–3.73 | 0.668 | |
| Miniature Smooth-Haired Dachshund | 0.90 | 0.15–5.41 | 0.909 | |
| Cockapoo | 0.66 | 0.18–2.51 | 0.546 | |
| Border Terrier | 0.62 | 0.09–4.49 | 0.634 | |
| Labradoodle | 0.57 | 0.10–3.41 | 0.537 | |
| Cocker Spaniel | 0.46 | 0.10–2.07 | 0.309 | |
| Whippet | 0.43 | 0.04–4.58 | 0.482 | |
| Cavapoo | 0.29 | 0.03–3.09 | 0.302 | |
| †‡ Breed group | Not KC recognised | Ref | ||
| Pastoral | 2.26 | 0.96–5.35 | 0.063 | |
| Terrier | 1.54 | 0.62–3.83 | 0.354 | |
| Gundog | 1.36 | 0.72–2.59 | 0.344 | |
| Working | 1.31 | 0.37–4.61 | 0.674 | |
| Utility | 1.19 | 0.45–3.13 | 0.731 | |
| Hound | 1.18 | 0.47–2.94 | 0.728 | |
| Toy | 1.12 | 0.30–4.23 | 0.866 | |
| ° Sold without dam present | No | Ref | ||
| Yes | 1.47 | 0.85–2.56 | 0.170 |