Table 3.

Different studies for the evaluation of the efficacy of bacteriophages against Salmonella serotypes.

Phages	Target Serotypes	PFU/mL	Phase Application	Results	References
CNPSA1, CPNSA3, CNPSA4	S. Enteritidis PT4 P125589	1011	Single oral application of phage cocktail	Decrease in the occurrence of S. Enteritidis strains by 3.5 logs.	[337]
F1055S, F12013S	S. Enteriditis	2 × 102	Phage isolated and applied by aerosol spray on fertile eggs	Around 58% and 76% reduction in the cecal and visceral Salmonella count, respectively, without any loss in the body weight compared to the control group.	[339]
Φ st1	S. Typhimurium and S. Hadar	1012	Intraclocal inoculation	Salmonella count reduced by 2.9 log10 CFU/mL within 6 h of challenge. S. Typhimurium had no trace of detection after 24 h.	[351]
SPGH1, SPGH3	S. Typhimurium	8.3 log10	Spotted	S. Typhimurium count was significantly reduced by 4.2 log10.	[352]
UAB_Phi20, UAB_Phi78, UAB_Phi87	S. Enteriditis and S. Typhimurium	1011	Oral	Cecal Salmonella count significantly decreased by 5.3 log upon administration of three phage cocktails one day before or after bacterial infection.	[353]
φ10, φ25, φ151	S. Enteritidis P125109, Hadar 18, and Typhimurium 4/74	109−11	Oral	Reduced cecal colonization by S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium by ≥4.2 log10 CFU and ≥2.9 log10 CFU, respectively.	[354]
Wide-Host-Range bacteriophages (WHR)	S. Enteritidis (SE), S. Typhimurium (ST)	10⁹	Sprayed with 5 mL of WHR and rinsed with sterile water	No bacteria were detected in two trials and a greater than 70% reduction was seen in the other two trials.	[355]
Bacteriophages of S. Typhimurium and S. enteritidis	S. Enteritidis (SE), and S. Typhimurium (ST)	1.18 × 1011–1.03 × 102	Oral	Moderate decrease (1 log reduction) in Salmonella loads 3 days post-infection (dpi), with a greater reduction of 2 log at 5 dpi and complete clearance of the bacteria at 7 dpi.	[356]
ΦCJ07	S. Enteritidis (SE)	105, 107 109	Oral	After 3 weeks of treatment, no intestinal Salmonella was detected in 70% of hens treated with 109 PFU/g of bacteriophage.	[357]
PSE5	S. Enteritidis (SE)	4 × 107	Immersion	Three logs reduction in Salmonella count was observed after 30 min of phage treatment of the contaminated eggs.	[358]
Pu20	S. Pullorum	108 or 109	Direct inoculation	The phages demonstrated 1.06 and 1.12 log reduction in S. Pullorum in eggs stored at 4 °C and 25 °C, respectively.	[359]
UAB_Phi 20, UAB_Phi78, and UAB_Phi87	S. Enteritidis (SE), S. Typhimurium (ST)	109 and 1 × 1010	Soaking in suspension and spraying	One log reduction in both S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium in chicken breast.	[343]
SEG5, SES8, STG2, STG5, and STS9	S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium	3 × 108	Suspension added on the surface	S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium reduced by 3.06 and 2.21 log CFU/piece of chicken breast, respectively,	[344]
STGO-35-1	S. Enteritidis	4 × 106	Direct addition	Significant reduction in Salmonella count (by 2.5 logs) in each piece of the chicken meat.	[360]