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. 2023 Dec 19;13(1):2. doi: 10.3390/antiox13010002

Figure 12.

Figure 12

Schematic illustration of aspartame-induced rats’ cerebral cortex injury. The neurotoxicity effects could be regulated through four mechanisms: enhanced inflammation, enhanced oxidant stress, decreased mitochondrial biogenesis, and apoptosis pathways. These four mechanisms could directly or indirectly affect the survival of pyramidal cells and granular cells, including astrocyte glial cells of cerebral cortex.