Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants
| Empty Cell | Empty Cell | Overall (n=2016) |
Participants without type 2 diabetes (n=1280) |
Participants with type 2 diabetes (n=736) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | |||||
| Age, years | 57·8 (14·2) | 55·0 (14·9) | 62·8 (11·4) | <0·0001 | |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 1074 (53·3%) | 673 (52·6%) | 401 (54·5%) | 0·41 | |
| Male | 942 (46·7%) | 607 (47·4%) | 335 (45·5%) | .. | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 31·3 (7·4) | 31·0 (7·4) | 31·9 (7·5) | 0·011 | |
| Race | |||||
| White | 1184 (58·7%) | 786 (61·4%) | 398 (54·1%) | <0·0001 | |
| Hispanic | 161 (8·0%) | 89 (6·9%) | 72 (9·8%) | .. | |
| Asian | 605 (30·0%) | 353 (27·6%) | 252 (34·2%) | .. | |
| Other | 66 (3·3%) | 52 (4·1%) | 14 (1·9%) | .. | |
| Biochemical profile | |||||
| HbA1c, % | 6·2% (5·6 to 7·2) | 5·8% (5·4 to 6·2) | 6·8% (6·1 to 7·8) | <0·0001 | |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 44 (38 to 55) | 40 (36 to 44) | 51 (43 to 62) | <0·0001 | |
| Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L | 40·0 (28 to 59) | 38·0 (27 to 57) | 45·0 (30 to 65) | <0·0001 | |
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/L | 45·0 (28 to 75) | 46·0 (28 to 76) | 44·0 (30 to 70) | 0·64 | |
| Alkaline phosphatase, U/L | 109·0 (76 to 228) | 103·0 (73 to 206) | 124·0 (84 to 267) | <0·0001 | |
| Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 10·3 (6·8 to 15·4) | 10·3 (6·8 to 15·4) | 10·3 (6·8 to 16·9) | 0·87 | |
| Albumin, g/L | 43 (39 to 45) | 43 (40 to 46) | 42 (38 to 44) | <0·0001 | |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 1·6 (1·2 to 2·3) | 1·6 (1·1 to 2·2) | 1·8 (1·3 to 2·4) | <0·0001 | |
| HDL, mg/dL | 1·2 (0·9–1·5) | 1·2 (1·0 to 1·5) | 1·2 (1·0 to 1·4) | <0·0001 | |
| LDL, mg/dL | 2·7 (2·1 to 3·4) | 2·8 (2·2 to 3·5) | 2·6 (2·0–3·3) | 0·0004 | |
| Platelet count, 109/L | 197 (142 to 253) | 210 (153 to 266) | 172 (123·5 to 227) | <0·0001 | |
| International normalised ratio | 1·02 (0·99 to 1·10) | 1·00 (0·99 to 1·1) | 1·05 (1 to 1·11) | 0·0056 | |
| Clinical scores | |||||
| Fibrosis-4 index | 1·83 (1·11 to 3·23) | 1·54 (0·96 to 2·54) | 2·44 (1·56 to 4·07) | <0·0001 | |
| NAFLD fibrosis score | −0·59 (−1·97 to 0·90) | −1·34 (−2·52 to −0·20]) | 0·78 (−0·35 to 1·98) | <0·0001 | |
| MELD score | 7·0 (6 to 9) | 7·0 (6 to 9) | 7·0 (6 to 9) | 0·19 | |
| Imaging | |||||
| Magnetic resonance elastography, kPa | 4·14 (2·18) | 3·59 (1·82) | 5·10 (2·42) | <0·0001 | |
| Liver stiffness, kPa | |||||
| <5 | 1485 (73·7%) | 1070 (83·6%) | 415 (56·4%) | <0·0001 | |
| ≥5 | 531 (26·3%) | 210 (16·4%) | 321 (43·6%) | .. | |
Data are mean (SD), n (%), or median (IQR). HbA1c=glycated haemoglobin. NAFLD=non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.