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. 2024 Jan 11;14(1):90. doi: 10.3390/biom14010090

Table 2.

Differential expression of various ACS and ACO isoforms in response to different abiotic stress.

S.No. Plant Target Genes Up/Downregulated Plant Organ Type of Stress Reference
1. Arabidopsis thaliana ACS 2, Up Leaves Hypoxia [108]
ACS9, ACS6, ACS7 Up Leaves and roots Hypoxia [108]
ACS6 Up Leaves NaCl, LiCl, CuCl2 [109]
ACS2, ACS6, ACO2, ACO4 Up Leaves and roots Cadmium [110]
ACS11 Up Leaves Salinity, cold, drought & flooding [17]
ACS6, ACS7, ACS8, ACS10, ACS11, ACS12, ACO2 Up -* Heat [4]
ACS2, ACS4, ACS5, ACO1, ACO3, ACO4 Down -* Heat [4]
ACS2, ACS4, ACS8 Down Root tip Anaerobiosis [36]
ACS4, ACS5, ACS7 Down Root tip Lithium treatment [36]
ACS5 Up Root tip Lithium treatment [36]
Arabidopsis thaliana (GM-OE-ACO) ACO Up Leaves Flooding [111]
2. Agrostis stolonifera ACO Up Leaves Cold [112]
ACO Down Leaves Drought and NaCl [112]
3. Chenopodium quinoa ACS7a, ACS10a/b, ACS12a Up Shoot Heat [113]
ACS6a/b, ACS7a Up Root Heat [113]
ACS1b, ACS12a/b, ACS10 Up Shoot Salt [113]
ACS10a, ACS12a Down Shoot Salt [113]
ACS10b, ACS12a, ACS10a Up Root Salt [113]
ACS1a Down Root Salt [113]
ACS6a/b, ACS7a, ACS9a Up Root and leaves salt [113]
ACS1a/b, ACS6a/b, ACS7a, ACS9a Up Root Drought [113]
ACS10a, ACS12a Up Root and leaves Drought [113]
4. Cucumis sativus ACS1 Up Fruit skin Drought [114]
ACS1, ACS2, ACS3 Up Leaves Salt, drought, cold [115]
ACO1, ACO2 Up Leaves Salt, drought, cold [115]
5. Gossypium hirsutum ACS1 Up -* Salt [116]
ACS 2, ACS6.1, ACS6.2, ACS6.4 Down -* Salt [116]
ACS6.1, ACS6.3, ACS7.1, ACS10.1, ACS10.2 Up -* Cold [116]
ACS6.2, ACS12.2 Up -* Heat [116]
ACS1, ACS12, ACO1, ACO3 Up Leaves Salt [117]
6. Glycine max ACS, ACO Up Leaves and roots Drought [118]
7. Lycopersicon esculentum ACS1, ACS2, ACS6, ACS7, ACO1, ACO2, ACO3, ACO5 Down Leaves UV [119]
ACS3, ACS5 Up Leaves UV [119]
ACS1, ACS7, ACO3 Up Roots UV [119]
ACS6, ACO1 Down Roots UV [119]
ACS2, ACS3 Up Roots Flooding [120]
ACS2, ACS6, ACO1, ACO3 Up Leaves Ozone [121]
ACO5 Up Anther wall [at mature pollen grain (MPG stage) of development] Heat [122]
ACS2, ACO4 Down Anther wall (MPG stage) Heat [122]
ACS3, ACS11 Up Pollen grain [at polarized microspore (PM) and Bicellular pollen grain (BCP) of development] Heat [122]
ACS4, ACO3 Down Pollen grain (at PM stage of development Heat [122]
ACO1, ACO4 Down Pollen grain (at BCP stage of development) Heat [122]
8. Malus acuminata ACS1, ACO1 Down Fruit Cold [123]
9. Medicago sativa ACS, ACO Up Leaves Waterlogging [124]
10. Medicago truncatula ACS2, ACO1 Up Leaves Cold [125]
11. Morus nigra ACS1, ACS3 Up Leaves Salt/drought [126]
12. Morus alba ACO1 Up Leaves Cold [127]
13. Nicotiana tabacum ACO1, ACO2, ACO3 Up Leaves Salt [128]
ACS1 Down Leaves Salt [128]
14. Oryza sativa ACS2 Up Leaves Drought/submergence [129]
ACS1, ACO5 Up Roots Waterlogged [130]
ACS5 Up Stem Submergence [12]
ACS1 Down Stem Submergence [12]
ACS1, ACS2, ACO4, ACO5 Up Roots Cr-stress [131]
ACS2, ACO4 Up Roots As-stress [132]
ACS2, ACS6, ACO5, ACO7 Up -* Heat [4]
ACO1, ACO2 Down -* Heat [4]
ACS1 Up Shoot Anaerobiosis [133]
ACS3 Up Root Anaerobiosis [133]
15. Petunia ACS1 Up Leaves Salt [134]
ACO1, ACO3 Up Leaves Salt/Drought [134]
16. Pisum sativum ACS4, ACO1, ACO2 Up Pre-pollinated ovaries Heat [135]
ACS4 Up Post-pollinated ovaries Heat [135]
ACS2, ACS4, ACO1, ACO3 Up Pedicel Heat [135]
ACO2 Down Pedicel Heat [135]
ACS2 Up Anthers Heat [135]
ACS2, ACO2 Up Stigma/style Heat [135]
ACS2, ACS4, ACO3 Up Petals Heat [135]
17. Saccharum officinale ACO2, ACO5 Up Leaves Drought [136]
ACS No expression detected Leaves Drought [136]
18. Solanum tuberosum ACO1 Up Leaves Flooding [137]
ACO2 Down Leaves Flooding [137]
ACO1 Up Tubers Heat/cold [137]
ACO2 Up Tubers Cold [137]
19. Triticum aestivum ACS1, ACS3, ACS7, ACS9, ACS10, ACS11 Up -* Drought [49]
ACS8, ACS6 Down -* Drought [49]
ACS7, ACS9, ACS10 Up -* Salt [49]
ACS1, ACS2, ACS3, ACS4, ACS5, ACS6, ACS8, ACS11, ACS12 Up -* Cold [49]
ACS10 Down -* Cold [49]
ACS4, ACS5, ACS6 Up -* Heat [49]
20. Zea mays ACS1a Down Leaves Salt [138]
ACO5b Up Leaves Salt [138]
ACS2, ACS7 Up Root cortex Hypoxic [139]
ACO15/31, ACO20/35 Up Root cap Hypoxic [139]

GM-OE: genetically modified over-expressing; -*: not specified.