Table 3.

Signaling pathways implicated in AD pathogenesis and use of EGCG and GS for amelioration of AD pathogenesis.

Signaling Pathway in AD	Associated Functions	EGCG and GS	References
NF-κB pathway	Regulates pro-inflammatory genes	Both can inhibit the pathway	[33,92,93,94,95]
MAPK pathway	Regulates apoptosis, differentiation, etc.	Both can inhibit the pathway	[96,99,100,101,102]
EGFR pathway	Regulates gene expression and cell proliferation	Both can inhibit the pathway	[103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110]
IGF signal transduction pathway	Regulates cell differentiation, cell survival, and cell maintenance	Both can inhibit the pathway	[110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118]
mTOR pathway	Regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy	Both can inhibit the pathway	[119,120,121,122,123]
5-Hydroxytryptamine signaling pathway	Regulates serotonin production	Both can facilitate the pathway	[124,125,126,127]