Table 3.

Most common EAPs, their applications, and their most prominent features.

EAP Type	Applications	Strength	Cost-Effectiveness	Biocompatibility
Polypyrrole [86]	Artificial muscles, sensors, actuators	Low to moderate	Moderate	Limited
Polyaniline [84]	Sensors, actuators, electronic textiles	Low to moderate	Moderate	Limited
Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite (IPMC) [82]	Soft robotics, sensors	Low	Moderate	Limited
Dielectric Elastomer [83]	Soft robotics, haptic feedback, medical devices	Low to moderate	Moderate	Limited
Conductive Elastomer [85]	Tactile sensors, wearable electronics	Low to moderate	Moderate	Limited
Ferroelectric Polymers [87]	Energy harvesting, sensors	Low to moderate	Moderate	Limited