Table 2.

Antioxidant materials employed for neurodegenerative diseases.

Category	Material	Load	Model	Properties	Ref.
Inorganic NPs	Cerium oxide (CeONPs)	-	P12 neuronal cells	Anti-amyloid aggregation, antioxidant activity	[93,94,95]
	Ceria/Polyoxometalates	-	P12 neuronal cells	Inhibition of Aβ-induced microglial cell activation	[96]
	Iron oxide (IONPs)	-	Drosophila Alzheimer’s disease model	Anti-ROS activity	[97]
	Yttrium oxide	-	P12 neuronal cells	Reduction in oxidative stress and apoptosis	[98]
	Yttrium NPs and CeONPs	-	Wistar rats	Reduction in oxidative stress	[99]
	MnO2	Fingolimod	Mice	ROS and microglia pro-inflammatory state reduction	[100]
	Selenium NPs	Resveratrol	AD rat model	Anti-inflammatory activity	[116]
Carbon materials	Partially reduced graphene oxide	-	Mouse-substantia-nigra-derived dopaminergic cell line	Prevention of dopaminergic neuron loss and α-syn depletion	[101]
	PEG-HCCs	-	Brain endothelial cell line and primary cortical neuron cells	Protection against hydrogen peroxide	[102]
Polymeric NPs	(PLGA-PEG) and B6 peptide	Curcumin	APP/PS1 Al transgenic mice	Improvement in spatial learning and memory	[104]
	PLGA	Curcumin	Rats	Neuronal differentiation	[105,106,107,108,109]
	PEGylated PLGA NPs	Ascorbic acid and EGCG	Mice	Neuroinflammation and neuronal loss	[119]
Solid lipid NPs	Glycerol behenate	Curcumin	AD mouse model	Cellular damage reduction in brain	[111]
	Cetylpalmitate and OX26 mAb	Resveratrol	Human brain-like endothelial cells	Inhibition of protein aggregation	[117]
	Vitamin E and sefsol	Resveratrol	In vitro	Increasing the levels of GSH and SOD	[118]
	Unspecified	EGCG	Rat	Increasing bioavailability of EGCG	[120]