Table 3.

Published effects on host health of gut genera that significantly increased with two months of He1 oral supplementation in frail mice. In particular, we examined the literature for the involvement of these genera on host health, focusing on CNS and inflammation.

Bacterium Genera	Effects on Host Health	Ref.
Clostridia UCG-014	Dichotomous role:
	SCFA producer, reducing gut and neuro-inflammation, communicating with the immune system, and strengthening the gut barrier in different preclinical and clinical models.	[85,86,87,88,89,90]
	Pro-inflammatory bacterium.	[91,92,93,94]
Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136	SCFA (butyrate) producer and possible role in bile acids metabolism and cholesterol homeostasis. Association among higher abundance of Lachnospiraceae NK4A136, enhancement of gut barrier function, and anti-inflammatory properties.	[95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103]
	Reduced in patients with dementia or cognitive impairments.Its increase is correlated with improved memory performance.	[97,104,105]
	It is involved in the production of a few neurotransmitters, which play crucial roles in memory and cognitive function.	[106,107]
Eubacterium xylanophilum	SCFA (formic, acetic, and butyric acids) producer.	[108,109,110,111]
	An association between memory indicators and gut microbiota metabolites produced by Eubacterium xylanophilum was demonstrated in preclinical models.	[112,113]