Table 4.
Main characteristics of the interventions included in the systematic review.
| Studies | Duration of Intervention; Frequency of Sessions; Session Time | Intervention |
|---|---|---|
| Akbari et al. (2006) [33] | 4 weeks; 3 weekly sessions; 3 h per session | EG: 3-part program. Part 1: Standing, walking, and aerobic conditioning exercises. Part 2: Functional exercises. Part 3: Strengthening of the lower limbs, with concentric contraction at 70% 1RM, or synergistic contractions for weakened muscles. Ten repetitions of each exercise for each muscle group |
| CG: Same protocol not including the 3rd part | ||
| Coroian et al. (2018) [29] | 6 weeks; 3 weekly sessions; 2 daily sessions of 30 min | EG: Isokinetic strengthening of the elbow and wrist with dynamometer. A total of 10 min of warm-up (36 reps at 20% 1RM and 15–30° per second) + 30 min of session (six sets of eight reps at 40–70% 1RM, at 15–45° per second) |
| CG: 45 min of passive elbow and wrist mobilization with dynamometer | ||
| Dehno et al. (2021) [30] | 4 weeks; 3 weekly sessions; 60 min per session for CG and 45 min for EG | EG: CT + Unilateral Resistance Training for Wrist Extensors with Isokinetic Dynamometer. Five sets of six concentric repetitions, at 60°/second, with 2-min breaks between sets |
| CG: CT | ||
| Fernandes et al. (2015) [32] | 12 weeks; 4 weekly sessions; 70 min per session | EG: Task-oriented training + Lower limb strengthening affect: three sets of 10 reps, increasing resistance in different positions for each muscle group |
| CG: Task-oriented training | ||
| Fernandez et al. (2016) [34] | 12 weeks; 2 weekly sessions; ND | EG: Unilateral strengthening in the lower limbs with a leg press with an inertial flywheel. Four sets of seven reps maximum, with 3 min of recovery between sets |
| CG: Non-intervention | ||
| Flansbjer et al. (2008) [35] | 10 weeks; 2 weekly sessions; 90 min per session | EG: Lower limb strengthening on knee exercise machine. Warm-up (5 min. of stationary bike, five reps without resistance and five reps at 25% 1RM) + Session (two sets of six to eight reps at 30–40 s per set, at 80% 1RM). After training, passive stretching of the muscles |
| CG: Usual daily activities | ||
| Mun et al. (2019) [36] | 6 weeks; 5 weekly sessions; 30 min per session | EG: Strengthening of the lower limbs in a sliding stander. Warm-up and cool-down (reps for 5 min and 25% 1RM) + session (20 min, 3 sets of 15 to 20 reps at 70% 1RM) |
| CG: CT | ||
| Lattouf et al. (2021) [37] | 4 weeks; 5 weekly sessions; 2 sessions of 30 min | EG: CT + Resistance training in lower limbs in horizontal press (3 phases: concentric, static, and eccentric). Three sets of five repetitions, at 40% 1RM in the first two phases, and at 60% 1RM in the last phase |
| CG: CT | ||
| Patten et al. (2013) [31] | 4 weeks for each intervention, with 4 weeks off between both interventions; 3 weekly sessions for each intervention; 75 min per session | Functional Physical Therapy Intervention: Functional tasks with progression of six objectives and nine activity categories |
| Hybrid Intervention: Functional Physical Therapy (20–30 min) + shoulder and elbow resistance training with dynamometer (35 min, 3 sets of 10 reps of shoulder abduction/adduction, shoulder flexion/extension, external/internal rotation of the shoulder, and flexion/extension of the elbow; first set in eccentric and the next two in concentric, with gradual increase in speed) |
1RM, One-Repetition Maximum CG, Control Group; CT, Conventional Therapy; EG, Experimental Group; ND, Not Described.