Table 2.
Perioperative records
| Category | Information extracted | Results |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-anaesthetic medication used (n) | Not premedicated | 41 |
| Premedicated (IM) Dexmedetomidine 5 (6–10) µg/kg + ketamine 1 (1–2 mg/kg) + methadone 0.2 mg/kg | 13 | |
| General anaesthesia | Co-inductor agent (IV) | |
| Fentanyl 3 (2–5) µg/kg | 23 | |
| Remifentanil 0.5 µg/kg/min | 2 | |
| Induction agent (IV) | ||
| Propofol to effect 4 (3–5) mg/kg | 54 | |
| Maintenance of anaesthesia | ||
| Isoflurane (et%) 0.9 (0.6–1.2) | 10 | |
| Sevoflurane (et%) 1.8 (1.7–2) | 6 | |
| CRI propofol 15 (10–20) mg/kg/h | 38 | |
| Spinal anaesthesia | Total procedural failure rate | 4/58 (7) |
| Procedural failure related to space of puncture | ||
| Procedural failure at L7–S1 | 3/11 (27) | |
| Procedural failure at L6–7/L5–6 | 1/47 (2) | |
| Dose of LA and adjuvant | ||
| Bupivacaine 0.5% (mg) | 3.0 (1.8–5.8) | |
| Bupivacaine 0.5% (mg/kg) | 0.8 (0.5–1.6) | |
| Morphine 1% (mg) | 0.3 (0.2–0.6) | |
| Morphine 1% (mg/kg) | 0.10 (0.05–0.18) | |
| Timing (mins) | Time from intrathecal injection to surgical incision | 15 (8–30) |
| Time from intrathecal injection to the end of surgery | 70 (25–190) | |
| Intraoperative complications (n) | iRA in HLS | 9/46 (20) |
| In premedicated cats | 0/13 (0) | |
| In not premedicated cats | 9/33 (27) | |
| Hypotension in HLS | 23/46 (50) | |
| In not premedicated cats | 20/33 (61) | |
| In premedicated cats | 3/13 (23) | |
| Bradycardia in HLS | 18/46 (39) | |
| Bradycardia in not premedicated cats | 12/33 (36) | |
| Bradycardia in premedicated cats | 6/13 (46) | |
| Use of vasoactive drugs | ||
| Atropine 20 g/kg | 18/46 (39) | |
| Ephedrine 50 g/kg | 6/46 (13) | |
| Noradrenaline 0.5 µg/kg/min | 1/46 (2) | |
| Postoperative complications (n) | Urinary retention | 0/54 (0) |
| Itching | 0/54 (0) | |
| Prolonged motor block | 0/54 (0) | |
| Vomiting | 0/54 (0) | |
| Other complications | 0/54 (0) | |
| Postoperative analgesia administration (n) | Preventive NSAID | 54/54 (100) |
| Preventive buprenorphine (10 µg/kg IM) at the end of surgery | 7/54 (13) | |
| Postoperative rescue analgesia | 5/54 (9) |
Data are median (range) or n (%)
CRI = continuous rate infusion; LA = local anaesthetic; iRA = intraoperative rescue analgesia; HLS = hindlimb surgery; NSAID = non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; et% = end-tidal concentration