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. 2024 Jan 6;14(2):134. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics14020134

Figure 5.

Figure 5

A decision tree can be built in RStudio according to the importance of the input parameters. For example, according to this decision tree, a patient has a 46% risk of LDBH if his posterior L4-5 disc height is less than 11 mm and his L1-2 posterior disc height is less than 7.4 mm. This decision tree helps identify the risk of lumbar disc bulging, or herniation simply from information derived from lumbar spine X-ray. Abbreviations: LDBH: Lumbar disc bulging or herniation.