Table 2.
Studies of MASLD cohorts comparing the incidence of HCC with and without cirrhosis.
| Ref. | Study Design | Years Studied | Country | Size of Cohort | HCC Rates | Risk Factors | Duration of Follow-Up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [39] | Retrospective cohort study of MASLD and control patients from 130 facilities in the Veterans Health Administration | 2004–2015 | U.S. | 296,707 MASLD patients with 296,707 matched controls | MASLD: 0.21/1000 PYs Control: 0.02/1000 PYs |
9 years (SD: 2.2) | |
| Cirrhosis (80%) | 10.6/1000 PYs | Age > 45 years Male Hispanic ethnicity |
|||||
| Without cirrhosis | 0.08/1000 PYs | ||||||
| [51] | Retrospective cohort study of patients with cirrhosis diagnosed between 2001 and 2014 in the Veterans Affairs healthcare system | 2001–2017 | U.S. | 116,404 patients | 2/100 PYs | Age Male Hispanic ethnicity AFP ALP AST/ALT ratio Serum albumin Platelet count |
4.3 years |
| MASLD (15%) | 9/100 PYs | T2DM | |||||
| HCV (45%) | 3.3/100 PYs | ||||||
| ALD (31%) | 0.86/100 PYs | T2DM Elevated BMI |
|||||
| [52] | Retrospective cohort study of patients with MASLD steatosis only | Pre 2012 | Japan | 6508 patients | 0.43/1000 PYs | Age T2DM Platelet count AST |
5.6 years |
| [53] | Retrospective cohort study of patients with cirrhosis | 2003–2007 | U.S. | 510 patients | Age Alcohol intake |
3.2 years (1.7–5.7) | |
| MASH: 195 | Yearly cumulative incidence: 2.6% p.a. | ||||||
| HCV: 315 | 4.0% p.a. | ||||||
| [54] | Retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing health check ups between 2004 and 2005 at a tertiary referral hospital | 2004–2015 | Korea | 25,947 patients MASLD: 33.6% (NB: patients with cirrhosis excluded) |
782.9/100,000 PYs | High MASLD fibrosis score (NFS) and high fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score | 7.5 years (3.2–9.3) |
Abbreviations: AFP, alpha fetoprotein; ALP, alkaline phosphatase;; ALT, Alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV, hepatitis C virus; MASH, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis; MASLD, metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease; PYs, person years; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.