Table 2.
Summary of mechanical properties for oral tissue, common AM-printed materials, and conventional dental materials.
| Materials | Density (g/cm3) | Martens Hardness (N/mm2) | Vickers Hardness (GPa) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Elastic Modulus (GPa) | Bending Strength (MPa) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cortical bone * [30] | 1.92 | NP | NP | 104–121 | 6–30 | 225 |
| Dentin * [30] | NP | 468.2 ± 30.8 | NP | 104 | 12–18.6 | NP |
| Dental enamel [30] | NP | 2263.6 ± 405.2 | NP | 47.5 | 40–83 | NP |
| PEEK * [30] | 1.3 | 189.55 ± 16.89 | NP | 87.53–100 | 3–4 | 99.25–170 |
| PEEK, FDM [30] | NP | NP | NP | 97.34 | 2.6–3.45 | 104.65 |
| PMMA * [26,30] | 1.18 | 180 | 19.9 ± 1.0 | NP | 2.3 ± 0.3 | 85 ± 16 |
| PMMA, SLA [26] | NP | NP | 18.1 ± 1.0 | NP | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 95 ± 9 |
| PMMA, DLP [26] | NP | NP | 14.7 ± 1.5 | NP | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 37 ± 6 |
| PLA * [31] | 1.25 | NP | NP | 59 | 3500 | 106 |
| PLA, FDM [31] | NP | NP | NP | 28–48 | 2000 | NP |
| Ti * [30] | 4.5 | 300–400 | NP | 954–976 | 102–110 | NP |
| Ti, SLS [28] | 4.42 | NP | 38 | 1089 | 129 | NP |
| CoCr * [30] | 6.5 | 1200 | 350 | 680 | 205 | 800–1400 |
| CoCr, SLS [28] | 8.3 | NP | 350–450 | 1100 | 200 | NP |
| ZrO2 * [32] | NP | 5000–15,000 | NP | 115–711 | 100–250 | 177–1000 |
| ZrO2, SLA [32] | 5.97 | NP | 12.6 | NP | 209.4 | 300–1000 |
| Al2O3 * [32] | NP | 22,000 | NP | 267 | 380 | 500 |
| Al2O3, SLA [32] | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | 271.7–273.8 |
*: conventional materials. PEEK: Polyether ether ketone. PMMA: Polymethyl methacrylate. PLA: Polylactic acid. Ti: Titanium. CoCr: Cobalt-chromium. ZrO2: Zirconium dioxide. Al2O3: Aluminum oxide. FDM: Fused deposition modeling. SLA: Stereolithography. SLS: Selective laser sintering. NP: Not provided.