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. 2024 Jan 11;13(2):134. doi: 10.3390/cells13020134

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Main mechanisms of action of Tregs cells involve cytokine production, such as IL-10, IL-35, and TGF-beta; direct killing of Tcons by perforin/granzyme mechanism; IL-2 competition; Tregs/DC interaction with downregulation of CD80/CD86 on DCs via CTLA-4; interference with DC maturation through the LAG-3; production of IDO in DC through CTLA-4 and CD80/86 interaction which accelerates tryptophan degradation fundamental for Tcon survival; ATP cleavage by CD39/73; NOTCH1 downregulation in Tcons through CD39; ATP cleavage by CD39/73; NOTCH1 downregulation in Tcons through CD39. Although CD161+ Tregs showed a lower suppression activity on T cons compared to Tregs, the mechanisms involved are currently under investigation. Tregs, Regulatory T cells; Tcons, conventional T cells; DCs, Dendritic Cells; IDO, Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase.