Figure 12.

Pathogenicity of E. cloacae and therapeutic effect of ECLFM1 observed in the zebrafish model. (A) Fish survival was compared between the LD₅₀ group and different multiplicities of infection (MOI). At MOI = 1, no significant difference in fish survival was observed compared to the LD₅₀ group; however, at MOI = 10, a statistically significant difference was seen, indicating that treatment with a higher phage MOI increased fish survival rate. Each group consisted of eight zebrafish and the experiment was performed in triplicate, and data are shown as mean ± SEM. The significance of the differences between treated and was assessed by means of the log-rank and Gehan–Breslow–Wilcoxon tests using GraphPad Prism 9. “****” indicates p < 0.0001, and “ns” means no significance. (B) In zebrafish injected with Luria-Bertani broth medium, no symptoms were observed; however, zebrafish injected with the LD₅₀ dose (3 × 10⁸ CFU/20µL) of ECL73134 exhibited swollen abdomen and superficial hemorrhage. The left, middle, and right panels show the side view, top view, and abdomen anatomy.