Table 6.
Impacts of acculturation among Asian immigrants—disparities in cold exposures and dysmenorrhea between Asian migrants and Asian non-migrants.
| Overall Beta (p-Value) | Migrant Beta (p-Value) | Non-Migrant Beta (p-Value) |
p-Value of Interaction |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cold water/drinks * during menstrual period | ||||
| Never | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| Rarely | −0.29 (0.23) | −0.64 (0.10) | −0.31 (0.30) | |
| Sometimes | −0.41 (0.10) | −0.96 (0.04) | −0.20 (0.51) | |
| Often | −0.50 (0.08) | −0.28 (0.05) | −0.40 (0.26) | |
| Always | −0.63 (0.05) | −1.9 (0.005) | 0.26 (0.51) | 0.02 |
| Wearing thermal pants during cold months | ||||
| Never | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| Rarely | 0.39 (0.09) | 1.05 (0.02) | 0.10 (0.71) | |
| Sometimes | 0.12 (0.67) | 0.02 (0.95) | 0.34 (0.32) | |
| Often | 0.98 (0.001) | 0.87 (0.14) | 0.42 (0.32) | |
| Always | 0.99 (0.01) | 1.76 (0.0009) | 1.00 (0.06) | 0.22 |
* ‘Cold water or drinks’ refers to the water or beverages that are close to 4 °C (iced) or that have just been taken out of the refrigerators before consumption. Covariates include age, body mass index, physical activity, smoking status, and pack-years for past and never smokers, use of contraceptives, and use of anti-inflammatory pain reliever. Bolded results are usually marginally (p ≤ 0.10) and statistically significant (p < 0.05).