Figure 2.

Among the top threats facing fireflies are loss of suitable habitat for firefly juvenile stages and adult reproduction and excessive artificial light at night; both occur on a local scale yet are pervasive globally: (A) Residential development, roads and construction have replaced the interdunal wetland habitat of Photuris bethaniensis along parts of the mid-Atlantic coast, USA (photo by US Army Corps of Engineers). (B) Clearing of riverine mangrove forest in peninsular Malaysia degrades habitat used by Pteroptyx tener life stages (photo by Lawrence Kirton). (C) Illustration depicting diverse sources of artificial light that can disrupt the nocturnal courtship signaling of fireflies and glow-worms; sources include streetlights, car headlights, commercial and greenhouse lighting, skyglow from cities and residential security, decorative and interior lighting (illustration modified from [48], CC BY).