Table 1.

Usefulness of CMR traditional and novel pulse sequences in the study of major heart conditions. Each sequence technique is evaluated according to its clinical utility in each cardiac disease with the following grading: − not useful; +/− uncertain usefulness; + useful; ++ very useful. Cine CMR refers to balanced steady-state-free-precession gradient echo sequence, spoiled gradient echo cine sequence with/without contrast agent. Black blood CMR refers to T1-weighted (half-Fourier, single-shot, fast spin echo, double inversion recovery) dark blood spin echo sequence with or without contrast agent; with or without fat saturation, proton-density weighted spin echo sequence. Edema CMR refers to T2-weighted single-shot/fast spin echo double-inversion recovery/triple-inversion recovery dark/black blood spin echo sequence/T2-prepared SSFP with/without fat saturation. Stress perfusion CMR refers to T1-weighted saturation recovery gradient echo sequence with echo-planar, SSFP, or hybrid read-out. LGE CMR refers to 2D/3D inversion-recovery gradient echo sequence, regular/single-shot 2D/3D phase-sensitive SSFP, delayed (hyper) enhancement sequence. Flow CMR: in plane/through-plane motion-encoded phase-sensitive spoiled gradient echo sequence. CMR: cardiac magnetic resonance. T1w: T1-weighted. T2w: T2-weighted. LGE: late gadolinium enhancement. ECV: extracellular volume. T2*: T2-star.

	Cine CMR	Edema CMR	Stress Perfusion CMR	LGE CMR	Native T1 Mapping	ECV Mapping	T2 Mapping	T2* Mapping
Ischemic Heart Disease	++	++	++	++	+	+	++	+/−
Cardiomyopathies	++	+	+/−	++	++	++	++	+
Inflammatory cardiomyopathies	++	++	+/−	++	++	++	++	+/−
Aortic valve disease	++	+/−	+	++	++	++	+/−	-
Arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse	++	+/−	-	++	++	++	++	-
Athlete’s heart	++	+	+/−	++	++	++	+	-