Table 1.
Current applications of in-house 3D printing in hip orthopedic surgery.
| Category | Application | Type of Study | N* | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preoperative planning | Proximal femoral osteotomy in DDH [22] | Retr. comparative | 40 (20) | China |
| Triplanar osteotomy in slipped capital femoral epiphysis sequelae [24] | Prosp. comparative | 15 (5) | USA | |
| Periacetabular osteotomy in DDH [32,33,34,35] | Case report [32] | 1 (1) | USA | |
| Case series [33] | 42 (42) | USA | ||
| Case report [34] | 1 (1) | Japan | ||
| Case series [35] | 4 (4) | Italy | ||
| Femoral head reduction osteotomy in AVN of the hip [42] | Case series | 2 (2) | Turkey | |
| Primary THA in acetabulum fractures sequelae [43] | Case report | 1 (1) | Spain | |
| Primary THA in dysplastic acetabulum [44,45] | Case series [44] | 17 (17) | China | |
| Case series [45] | 14 (14) | China | ||
| rTHA [53,54,55,56,57,58] | Case series [53] | 3 (3) | Ireland | |
| Case series [54] | 17 (17) | Russia | ||
| Case report [55] | 1 (1) | Bulgaria | ||
| Case report [56] | 1 (1) | USA | ||
| Retr. comparative [57] | 45 (21) | Spain | ||
| Retr. comparative [58] | 72 (20) | Italy | ||
| Osteoplasty in femoroacetabular impingement [60] | Case series | 10 (10) | USA | |
| Osteosynthesis of extracapsular neck of femur fractures [64,65] | Prosp. comparative [64] | 39 (19) | China | |
| Meta-analysis [65] | 346 (172) | China | ||
| Atypical femur fractures with bone deformity [66,67] | Case report [66] | 1 (1) | South Korea | |
| Case series [67] | 2 (2) | South Korea | ||
| Peri-implant proximal femur fracture on an arthrodesed hip [68] | Case report | 1 (1) | China | |
| Soft tissue sarcomas of the thigh [70] | Case series | 2 (2) | China | |
| Patient-Specific Instrumentation | Proximal femoral osteotomies in DDH and Perthes disease [26,27,28] | Prosp. comparative [26] | 25 (12) | China |
| Case series [27] | 11 (11) | China | ||
| Retr. comparative [28] | 36 (16) | China | ||
| Proximal femoral osteotomies in Shepherd’s Crook deformity [29,30] | Device presentation [29] | Italy | ||
| Case series [30] | 10 (10) | China | ||
| Osteotomies for complex deformities of the proximal femur [31] | Device presentation [31] | Switzerland | ||
| Periacetabular osteotomy in DDH [36,37] | Prosp. R. trial [36] | 20 (8) | China | |
| Retr. comparative [37] | 38 (20) | China | ||
| Reaming of the acetabular component in THA [46,47,48,49,50] | Prosp. R. trial [46] | 25 (12) | China | |
| Prosp. R. trial [47] | 36 (18) | USA | ||
| Case series [48] | 24 (24) | Japan | ||
| Review [49] | Japan | |||
| Retr. comparative [50] | 72 (40) | China | ||
| Femoral neck osteotomy in THA [49,50,51] | Review [49] | Japan | ||
| Retr. comparative [50] | 72 (40) | China | ||
| Case series [51] | 30 (30) | Switzerland | ||
| Femoral diaphyseal osteotomy in Crowe IV DDH [52] | Case series | 12 (12) | China | |
| CAM osteoplasty [61] | Case report | 1 (1) | India | |
| Osteosynthesis of intracapsular neck of femur fractures [63] | Prosp. comparative | 40 (20) | China | |
| Trephination of specific trabeculae from femoral heads [69] | Prosp. R. trial | 20 (10) | China | |
| Training | Training of orthopedic residents in rTHA [10] | Case series | 2 (2) | Brazil |
| Hip arthroscopy simulator [62] | Cross sectional | 19 | China | |
| Soft tissue sarcomas of the thigh [70] | Case series | 2 (2) | China | |
| Surgical tools | A device to prevent excessive drill penetration during cortical drilling of distal screws | Prosp. R. trial | 40 | Spain |
DDH (developmental dysplasia of the hip), AVN (avascular necrosis), THA (total hip arthroplasty, rTHA (revision total hip arthroplasty), N*: sample of patients. In brackets, patients in which 3D printing was used, Retr. (Retrospective), Prosp. (Prospective), R. (Randomized).