Figure 4.

Dead space related to various capnograph adapters. (a) Side-stream adapter for use with a removable sampling line; arrow shows diameter width. (b) An ‘all-in-one’ side-stream adapter; arrow shows diameter width. (c) A pediatric adapter; note the small diameter of the lumen, as shown by the arrow. The diameter of the capnograph adapter should always exceed the internal diameter of the ETT. (d) Low dead space ETT adapters are available for attachment to side-stream sampling lines. Courtesy of Gregg Griffenhagen