Table 12.

Emergency anesthetic drugs and dose calculations

Medication	Feline-specific anesthetic emergency doses*
Atropine	0.04 mg/kg
Epinephrine (adrenaline)	0.01 mg/kg, initial low dose
Vasopressin	0.4–0.8 U/kg
Lidocaine	0.25 mg/kg
Glycopyrrolate	0.005–0.01 mg/kg
Atipamezole	50–100 μg/kg, or atipamezole volume equal to 25–50% of administered dexmedetomidine volume (if a concentration of 500 μg/ml was used) or 5–10% of administered dexmedetomidine volume (if a concentration of 100 μg/ml was used)
Naloxone	0.05 mg/kg
Crystalloid fluid bolus	5–15 ml/kg
Colloid fluid bolus	1–5 ml/kg
Calcium gluconate 10% Calcium chloride 10%	0.5–1.5 ml/kg 0.2–0.5 ml/kg

^*All drugs are given by the intravenous route