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. 2024 Jan 7;22(1):37. doi: 10.3390/md22010037

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© 2024 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The top-down biomimetic approach (technology-pull process) inspired by MCT according to the model proposed by Capadona et al. [88] (arrangement freely inspired by [78]). (a) Example of a neuro-medical device requiring a biocompatible adaptive substratum: implantable intracortical microelectrode. (b) The biological model: sea-cucumber dermis. (c) Natural MCT model and its main components as in Figure 7c. (d) Basic MCT-inspired biomimetic model: polymeric soft matrix reinforced by CNC rigid elements interconnected by modulable links (redrawn and modified from [89]). (e) Employment of MCT-inspired material for mechanically-compliant implants: comparison of neural tissue response to standard stiff (A) and compliant (B) intracortical microelectrodes (redrawn and modified from [90]). (1–5) Advantages of mechanically-compliant microelectrodes in intracortical implants.