Table 1.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria for selecting the research articles.

Issue	Inclusion	Exclusion
Language	English	Non-English
Publication type	Peer-reviewed academic journals	Non-indexed journal publications
Study Design	In vitro studies in which implants were placed on edentulous or partially edentulous resin jaw models	Case reports, case series, clinical studies, electronic posters, animal studies, reviews, cadaver studies, and non-peer-reviewed reports
Availability	Available online (abstract and full text) and/or print on bibliographic databases	Not available on bibliographic databases
Time period	January 2013 to July 2023	Prior to December 2012
Articles included and data extraction	Agreement between two independently working authors	Disagreement between the two independently working authors
Sample size	Studies in which more than ten implants were placed using robotic surgery (including pilot studies); power analysis was performed, and the sample size requirements were met	Studies that evaluated the accuracy of robotically placed implants but did not compare them to the accuracy of implants placed via static/dynamic navigation, or the freehand technique
Relevance/conditions	Studies that compared the accuracy of implants placed with the help of robotics to those placed via other techniques (static navigation and dynamic navigation of freehand techniques)	Studies that evaluated orthodontic retention mini-implants and pterygoid implants
Outcome parameters	Studies that documented and compared the following minimal parameters: coronal, apical, and angular deviation	Studies that compared the accuracy of implants placed via techniques other than robotics (static navigation and dynamic navigation of freehand technique)