Figure 3.

Measurement of VTI_LVOT.

A: A two-dimensional echocardiographic image of apical three-chamber view was obtained using a GE Vivid E95 echo scanner equipped with an M5S electronic phased array probe (frequency 1.5–4.0 MHz). B: By placing the sample volume in the left ventricular outflow tract, VTI_LVOT was measured in pulsed Doppler mode. Abbreviations: LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricular; AO, aorta; LVOT, left ventricular outflow tract; VTI_LVOT, left ventricular outflow tract velocity-time integral.