Table 3. Associations Between Black-White Inequity in County Jail Incarceration Rates and Non–Blood Transfusion Severe Maternal Morbidity, California, 1997-2018.
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1a | Model 2b | Model 3c | |
| American Indian or Alaska Native (n = 43 254) | |||
| Tertile 1 (low inequity) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Tertile 2 | 0.99 (0.67-1.45) | 0.97 (0.66-1.41) | 0.90 (0.61-1.32) |
| Tertile 3 (high inequity) | 1.11 (0.76-1.62) | 1.06 (0.73-1.54) | 0.97 (0.66-1.43) |
| Asian or Pacific Islander (n = 1 369 170) | |||
| Tertile 1 (low inequity) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Tertile 2 | 0.99 (0.84-1.18) | 0.98 (0.83-1.16) | 0.94 (0.79-1.11) |
| Tertile 3 (high inequity) | 1.02 (0.86-1.22) | 1.00 (0.85-1.19) | 0.95 (0.80-1.13) |
| Black (n = 589 692) | |||
| Tertile 1 (low inequity) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Tertile 2 | 1.20 (1.01-1.42) | 1.19 (1.00-1.41) | 1.08 (0.95-1.23) |
| Tertile 3 (high inequity) | 1.30 (1.10-1.54) | 1.28 (1.08-1.50) | 1.14 (1.01-1.29) |
| Hispanic or Latinx (n = 5 177 325) | |||
| Tertile 1 (low inequity) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Tertile 2 | 1.15 (1.07-1.23) | 1.14 (1.06-1.23) | 1.14 (1.06-1.22) |
| Tertile 3 (high inequity) | 1.26 (1.16-1.36) | 1.24 (1.15-1.34) | 1.24 (1.14-1.34) |
| White (n = 3 014 652) | |||
| Tertile 1 (low inequity) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Tertile 2 | 1.05 (0.97-1.13) | 1.03 (0.95-1.12) | 1.03 (0.94-1.12) |
| Tertile 3 (high inequity) | 1.05 (0.97-1.14) | 1.03 (0.94-1.12) | 1.02 (0.93-1.12) |
| Multiracial or other (n = 6599) d | |||
| Tertile 1 (low inequity) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Tertile 2 | 1.14 (0.34-3.75) | 1.2 (0.38-3.78) | 1.22 (0.38-3.87) |
| Tertile 3 (high inequity) | 1.00 (0.33-3.00) | 1.08 (0.38-3.09) | 0.96 (0.33-2.79) |
a
Model 1 was unadjusted.
b
Model 2 was adjusted for maternal age, education, and insurance.
c
Model 3 was adjusted for maternal age, education, insurance, and county-level median household income.
d
Multiracial or other category includes individuals who self-identified with at least 2 or more racial groups and those who self-identified as “other” race or ethnicity.