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. 2024 Jan 12;8:e47091. doi: 10.2196/47091

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©Stephen Bonett, Willey Lin, Patrina Sexton Topper, James Wolfe, Jesse Golinkoff, Aayushi Deshpande, Antonia Villarruel, José Bauermeister. Originally published in JMIR Formative Research (https://formative.jmir.org), 12.01.2024.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Formative Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://formative.jmir.org, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.

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Proportion of responses classified as fraud by multilayer fraud detection system and Qualtrics fraud detection system during the study period (November 2021 to February 2022). Smooth locally weighted smoothing lines are included to help visualize the trends over time.