Table 1.
International fat intake recommendations and evidence of compliance with nutritional recommendations.
| Recommendations | Evidence of Compliance with Nutritional Recommendations | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EFSA (2010) [17] | WHO/FAO (2010) [18] | Below the Recommendations (n, Studies) | Meet/Above the Recommendations (n, Studies) | |
| Lipids (% TE) | 20–35 | 20–35 | n = 0 | n = 1 [19] |
| SFA (% TE) | ALAP | 10 | n = 0 | n = 9 [1,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26] |
| MUFA (% TE) | - | By difference a, b | n = 2 [23,25] | n = 4 [1,20,21,26] |
| PUFA (% TE) | - | 6–11 | n = 1 [1] | n = 2 [20,25] |
| LA n-6 (% TE) | 4 * | 2.5–92–3 * | n = 0 | n = 3 [1,19,26] |
| n-3 (% TE) | - | 0.5–2 | n = 3 [27,28,29] | n = 0 |
| ALA (% TE) | 0.5 * | 0.5 | n = 1 [27] | n = 3 [1,19,29] |
| DHA mg/day | 350–450 * | 200 (EPA + DHA = 300) | n = 8 [1,19,22,23,26,27,28,29] | n = 0 |
ALA: alpha-linolenic acid; SFA: saturated fatty acids; MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acids; LA: linoleic acid; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid; EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; ALAP: as low as possible; % TE: % Total Energy. EFSA: European Food Safety Authority; WHO/FAO: World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization. * AI: Adequate intake. a Total fat [%E]—SFA [%E]—PUFA [%E]—TFA [%E]. b Can be up to 15–20% E, according to total fat intake.