Table 2.

International fat-soluble vitamin intake recommendations for breastfeeding mothers and evidence of compliance with nutritional recommendations.

	Organization Recommendations		Evidence of Compliance with Nutritional Recommendations
	EFSA (2017) [57]	WHO/FAO (2005) [58]	Below the Recommendations (n, Studies)	Meet/Above the Recommendations (n, Studies)
Reference Intakes	AI	NIR
Vitamin A b (μg/day)	1300 a	850 c	n = 7 [1,2,59,60,61,62,63]	n = 1 [59]
Vitamin D (μg/day)	15	5	n = 8 [1,2,59,60,61,62,64,65]	n = 0
Vitamin E d (mg/day)	11	-	n = 0	n = 2 [2,59]
Vitamin K (μg/day)	70	55	-	-

^a EFSA values for vitamin A are PRI (population reference intake) instead of AI. ^b RE: Retinol Equivalents (1 μg RE is equivalent to 1 μg of retinol, 6 μg of β-carotene, and 12 μg of other provitamin A carotenoids). ^c WHO/FAO values for vitamin A are “recommended safe intakes” instead of NIR. ^d Expressed as mg of α-tocopherol per day. AI: adequate intake; NIR: nutritional intake of reference. (-) not available. EFSA: European Food Safety Authority; WHO/FAO: World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization.