Table 1.
Evaluation of pre-emergence and post-emergence effectiveness (%) on the dominant annual weed species during the 2019–2020 (GS1) and 2020–2021 (GS2) growing seasons; aggregated data from all four legume species (vetch, pea, faba bean, and lupine).
| Herbicide Effectiveness on the Dominant Weed Species (%) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GS1 | |||||||||
| Herbicide Treatments | |||||||||
| Weed Species | ACL | PEN + CL | MET + CL | BEN | TER + PEN | s-MET + PEN | PYR | FL | IMA |
| Chenopodium album | 66.7 | 50.0 | 46.7 | 80.0 | 76.7 | 46.7 | 53.3 | 83.3 | 73.3 |
| Sinapis arvensis | 70.0 | 60.0 | 65.0 | 51.7 | 60.0 | 38.3 | 15.0 | 85.0 | 33.3 |
| Silibum marianum | 70.0 | 40.0 | 45.0 | 70.0 | 66.7 | 28.3 | 30.0 | 70.0 | 51.7 |
| Veronica arvensis | 85.0 | 85.0 | 86.7 | 88.3 | 90.0 | 85.0 | 81.7 | 85.0 | 76.7 |
| Sonchus spp. | 81.7 | 83.3 | 81.7 | 88.3 | 85.0 | 86.7 | 81.7 | 83.3 | 63.3 |
| GS2 | |||||||||
| Chenopodium album | 73.3 | 40.0 | 43.3 | 83.3 | 66.7 | 36.7 | 56.7 | 83.3 | 70.0 |
| Sinapis arvensis | 73.3 | 63.3 | 63.3 | 40.0 | 46.7 | 55.0 | 26.7 | 80.0 | 30.0 |
| Silibum marianum | 70.0 | 45.0 | 33.3 | 73.3 | 70.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 76.7 | 50.0 |
| Veronica arvensis | 85.0 | 91.7 | 86.7 | 86.7 | 80.0 | 86.7 | 80.0 | 80.0 | 75.0 |
| Sonchus spp. | 80.0 | 81.7 | 88.3 | 86.7 | 83.3 | 86.7 | 81.7 | 83.3 | 66.7 |
ACL: aclonifen, PEN + CL: pendimethalin plus clomazone, MET + CL: metribuzin plus clomazone, BEN: benfluralin, TER + PEN: terbuthylazine plus pendimethalin, S-MET + PEN: S-metolachlor plus pendimethalin, PYR: pyridate, FL: flumioxazin, IMA: imazamox plus fatty acid esters plus alkoxylate alcohols–phosphate esters.