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Heterogeneous photocatalytic process. The adsorption of a photon on a semiconductor crystal causes the promotion of an electron from the valence band to the conduction band, generating an e−/h+ pair in the bulk of the photocatalyst. The generated electron and hole can then migrate to the surface and become available for redox reactions with an electron acceptor (A) or donor (D) species or they can thermally recombine in a competitive process.
