Table 1.
Diseases with confirmed autoimmune etiology and discovered autoantibodies.
| Disease | Autoantibody |
|---|---|
| Acute motor axonal neuropathy [76] | ANCA, Anti-mitochondrial antibodies |
| Addison’s disease [77] | 21-hydroxylase antibodies |
| Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis [78] | Anti-GM1 |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome [79] | Antiphospholipid antibodies |
| Autoimmune Encephalitis [80] | Anti-NMDA receptor |
| Autoimmune Pancreatitis [81] | IgG4, Anti-CA2 antibodies |
| Bickerstaff’s encephalitis [82] | Various, depending on subtype (e.g., NMDA receptor antibodies, LGI1 antibodies) |
| Bullous pemphigoid [83] | Anti-BP180, Anti-BP230 |
| Celiac disease [84] | ANA, ASMA, anti-LKM1 |
| Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy [85] | Anti-GQ1b |
| Cicatricial pemphigoid [86] | Anti-BP180, Anti-BP230 |
| Dermatitis herpetiformis [87] | Anti-tissue transglutaminase |
| Dermatomyositis [88] | Anti-Jo1, Anti-Mi2, Anti-SRP, Anti-TIF1 |
| Diabetes mellitus type 1 [89] | Anti-insulin, anti-IA-2, anti-GAD, anti-ZnT8 antibodies |
| Discoid lupus erythematosus [90] | ANA, Anti-dsDNA, Anti-Sm |
| Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) [91] | Anti-streptolysin O (ASO), anti-DNase B |
| Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita [92] | Anti-type VII collagen |
| Gestational pemphigoid [93] | Anti-BP180, Anti-BP230 |
| Goodpasture syndrome [94] | p-ANCA/MPO-ANCA |
| Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) [91] | ANCA |
| Graves’ disease [95] | TSI, TPO, TG antibodies |
| Graves’ ophthalmopathy [96] | TSH receptor antibodies |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome [97] | Various, including anti-MAG |
| Hashimoto’s thyroiditis [98] | TPO, TG antibodies |
| Hemolytic anemia [99] | Anti-red blood cell antibodies |
| IgA nephropathy [100] | Anti-GBM antibodies |
| Immune thrombocytopenia [101] | Anti-platelet antibodies |
| Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome [102] | Various, including anti-GM1, anti-GD1a |
| Linear IgA disease [103] | Anti-epidermal basement membrane IgA |
| Lupus nephritis [104] | Anti-PLA2R antibodies |
| Lupus vasculitis | c-ANCA/PR3-ANCA |
| Lupus vasculitis [105] | ANA, anti-dsDNA, anti-Smith, others |
| Membranous nephropathy [106] | IgA autoantibodies |
| Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) [107] | ANA, anti-dsDNA, anti-Smith, others |
| Myasthenia gravis | Anti-VGCC |
| Myasthenia gravis [108] | Anti-acetylcholine receptor, Anti-MuSK |
| Neuromyelitis optica [109] | Anti-AQP4, Anti-AChR, anti-MuSK; AQP4-IgG (NMO-IgG) |
| Ord’s thyroiditis [110] | TPO, TG antibodies |
| Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration [111] | Anti-Yo, Anti-Hu, Anti-Ri, others |
| Pemphigus vulgaris [112] | Anti-desmoglein 3, Anti-desmoglein 1 |
| Pernicious anemia [113] | Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (tTG), Endomysial antibodies (EMA), Deamidated gliadin peptide (DGP) |
| Polymyositis [114] | Anti-Jo-1, Anti-SRP, others |
| Premature ovarian failure [115] | Anti-ovarian antibodies, Anti-adrenal antibodies |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis [116] | Anti-dsDNA, Anti-Sm, Anti-nuclear antibodies |
| Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis [117] | Anti-GM-CSF antibodies |
| Rheumatic heart disease [118] | Anti-IF, Anti-parietal cell |
| Rheumatoid lung disease [119] | Rheumatoid factor, Anti-CCP antibodies |
| Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) [120] | ANA, anti-Scl-70, anti-centromere |
| Sjögren syndrome [121] | Anti-SSA/Ro, Anti-SSB/La antibodies |
| Stiff-person syndrome [122] | Anti-GAD, anti-amphiphysin |
| Sydenham’s chorea [123] | Anti-basal ganglia |
| Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura [124] | ADAMTS13 autoantibodies |