Table 1.
Description of the utilised laser and the adjustable and calculated laser operating of carbon dioxide laser. Abbreviations: seconds (s); mL: millilitre; min: minute; mm: millimetre; J: joule; W: watt; cm2: square centimetre.
| Device Specifications | Manufacturer | LX-20SP Nova Pulse, Lumenis, Israel |
| Wavelength (nm) | 10,600 | |
| Emission mode | Gated continuous wave | |
| Duty cycle (%) | 50% duty cycle, 5 s on/5 s off | |
| Delivery system | Fibre optic | |
| Energy distribution | Gaussian | |
| Beam divergence | 8 degrees | |
| Irradiation Parameters | Peak power output (W) | 1.62 |
| Average power output (W) | 0.81 | |
| Spot diameter (mm) | 0.8 | |
| Spot diameter at focus (cm2) | 0.005 | |
| Spot diameter at tissue (cm) | 0.1081 | |
| Laser-to-tissue distance (mm) | <1 | |
| Spot area at tissue (cm2) | 0.0092 | |
| Total energy (J) | 73 | |
| Peak fluence (J/cm2) | 7934.78 | |
| Peak irradiance at spot area (W/cm2) | 324.0 | |
| Peak irradiance at tissue (W/cm2) | 176.08 | |
| Average irradiance at spot area (W/cm2) | 162 | |
| Average irradiance at tissue (W/cm2) | 88.04 | |
| Speed of the movement (mm/s) | ~2 | |
| Treatment Protocol | Total treatment duration (s) | 90 |
| Water irrigation (mL/min) | 12 | |
| Air (mL/min) | 20–25 (Manufacturer instructions) | |
| Aspirating airflow (mL/min) | 300 (Manufacturer instructions) |