Table 1.
Baseline and follow-up characteristics of patients included distributed according to the type of SPSS.
| Characteristic | Total, N = 617 | W-SPSS, n = 296 | S-SPSS, n = 183 | L-SPSS, n = 138 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr, mean (SD) | 60 (12) | 61 (12) | 60 (11) | 58 (12) | 0.0194 |
| Sex, male, n (%) | 416 (67.8) | 209 (70.9) | 128 (70.3) | 79 (57.7) | 0.016 |
| Etiology, n (%) | |||||
| Alcohol | 168 (27.2) | 67 (22.6) | 62 (33.9) | 39 (28.3) | 0.026 |
| HCV | 225 (36.5) | 126 (42.6) | 59 (32.2) | 40 (29.0) | 0.009 |
| Alcohol + HCV | 28 (4.5) | 14 (4.7) | 8 (4.4) | 6 (4.3) | 0.976 |
| HBV | 32 (5.2) | 18 (6.1) | 6 (3.3) | 8 (5.8) | 0.379 |
| MAFLD | 38 (6.2) | 20 (6.8) | 9 (4.9) | 9 (6.5) | 0.704 |
| Othera | 104 (16.9) | 42 (14.2) | 31 (16.9) | 31 (22.5) | 0.100 |
| Time between CT/MRIb, months, median (IQR) | 45 (49) | 48 (45) | 40 (49) | 45 (50) | 0.2855 |
| Time of follow-upc, months, median (IQR) | 63 (53) | 69 (51) | 56 (56) | 54 (53) | <0.001 |
| Baseline parameters | |||||
| MELD, median (IQR) | 10 (4) | 9 (4) | 10 (4) | 11 (4) | <0.001 |
| MELD-Na, median (IQR) | 11 (6) | 10 (5) | 11 (5) | 12 (5) | <0.001 |
| Child-Pugh, median (IQR) | 6 (2) | 5 (1) | 6 (2) | 7 (2) | <0.001 |
| Child-Pugh, n (%) | |||||
| A | 387 (67) | 210 (76) | 113 (65) | 64 (49) | <0.001 |
| B | 191 (33) | 65 (24) | 60 (35) | 66 (51) | |
| Prior decompensations, n (%) | |||||
| GIB | 90 (14.7) | 22 (7.5) | 40 (22.0) | 28 (20.4) | <0.001 |
| HE | 73 (11.9) | 19 (6.4) | 22 (12.2) | 32 (23.4) | <0.001 |
| Ascites | 189 (31.0) | 69 (23.3) | 67 (37.2) | 53 (39.8) | <0.001 |
| HCC | 76 (12.4) | 38 (12.8) | 20 (11.0) | 18 (13.2) | 0.789 |
| Follow-up parametersd | |||||
| MELD, median (IQR) | 11 (6) | 9 (6) | 11 (5) | 13 (8) | <0.001 |
| MELD-Na, median (IQR) | 11 (8) | 10 (7) | 11 (8) | 14 (10) | <0.001 |
| Child-Pugh, median (IQR) | 6 (3) | 6 (2) | 6 (3) | 8 (3) | <0.001 |
| Child-Pugh, n (%) | |||||
| A | 311 (55) | 181 (67) | 87 (52) | 43 (35) | <0.001 |
| B | 177 (32) | 66 (24) | 61 (36) | 50 (41) | |
| C | 74 (13) | 24 (9) | 20 (12) | 30 (24) | |
| Decompensations during all follow-upe, n (%) | |||||
| GIB | 84 (13.7) | 34 (11.5) | 33 (18.0) | 17 (12.3) | 0.112 |
| HE | 125 (20.2) | 41 (13.9) | 40 (21.9) | 44 (31.9) | <0.001 |
| Ascites | 126 (20.4) | 50 (16.9) | 42 (23.0) | 34 (24.6) | 0.105 |
| Infectionsf | 104 (16.9) | 47 (15.9) | 29 (15.9) | 28 (20.3) | 0.214 |
| HCC | 22 (3.6) | 8 (2.7) | 8 (4.4) | 6 (4.3) | 0.540 |
Continuous variables are reported as mean (SD) or as median (IQR), and categorical variables are reported as absolute number (percentage). Level of significance: p <0.05 (analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis’ test for quantitative variables; Pearson’s Chi-square test for categorical variables). p values report the statistical differences between the three groups.
CT, contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography; GIB, gastrointestinal bleeding; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HE, hepatic encephalopathy; L-SPSS, large-SPSS; MAFLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; MELD-Na, model for end-stage liver disease-sodium; SPSS, spontaneous portosystemic shunts; S-SPSS, small-SPSS; W-SPSS, without SPSS.
Includes cholestatic, autoimmune, cryptogenic, other aetiologies, and patients with more than one aetiology (excluding alcohol + HCV). In 22 patients there was no information regarding aetiology.
Median time between the basal and the follow-up imaging test.
Median time between the basal imaging test and the date of last follow-up.
MELD, MELD-Na and Child-Pugh score and distribution were calculated according to clinical situation and blood test closest to follow-up CT or MRI.
Decompensations were recorded until end of follow-up.
Includes spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and other infections.