| T2D | Type 2 diabetes |
| PI3K | Phosphoinositide 3-kinases |
| AKT | Protein kinase B |
| HbA1c | Hemoglobin A1C |
| BW | Body weight |
| GABA | γ-aminobutyric acid |
| SOD1 | Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase |
| HOMA-IR | Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance |
| Insr | Insulin receptor |
| Irs-1 | Insulin receptor substrate 1 |
| Pi3k | Phosphoinositide 3-kinases |
| Akt | Protein kinase B |
| Glut-2 | Glucose transporter 2 |
| Ppar-γ | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ |
| C/ebp-α | CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins-α |
| Lpl | Lipoprotein lipase |
| Cd36 | Cluster of differentiation 36 |
| Atgl | Adipose triglyceride lipase |
| Hsl | Hormone-sensitive lipase |
| Ppar-α | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α |
| Cpt-1α | Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α |
| Mcad | Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase |
| LDL | Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol |
| VLDL | Very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol |
| TG | Triglyceride/triacylglycerol |
| HDL | High-density lipoprotein cholesterol |