Table 2.

Challenges and strategies in the implementation of IoT sensors for environmental monitoring.

Sensor Type	Calibration Challenge	Data Collection Challenge	Implemented Strategy
PM2.5 Sensor	Drift due to environmental factors	Data loss due to network fluctuations	Periodic calibration, network redundancy
Noise Sensor	Variability in sensitivity	External interference affects accuracy	Use of reference sensors, data filters
NOx Sensor	Temperature sensitivity	Outlier data due to unusual peaks	Calibration with environmental standards, statistical data analysis