Figure 9.

Functional characteristics of surface-modified nonwoven fabric. (a) Pronounced resistance to wetting (water colored chrome red). (b) Direct water stream interacting with the silane-treated nonwoven fabric. (c) Dynamic water repulsion displayed by the superhydrophobic surface. (d) Diagram showcasing the self-cleaning mechanism. (e) Water droplets glide over the fabric, effectively removing the scattered sand and mud mixture, a testament to the fabric’s hydrophobicity and surface texture. Notably, the droplet disintegrates after departing from the surface. (f) Water contact angle. (g,h) Antibacterial analysis of nonwoven fabric with and without silane treatment.