Table 1.
Characteristics of BC samples from which DNA was extracted and tested with the MM YBL chip assay.
| Positive BC Samples for Candida Species (n = 125) 1 | Testing Results for DNAs from Candida-Positive (n = 125) or Candida-Negative (n = 30) BC Samples 2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of BC (No. of Candida Isolates) | DNA Concentration (Mean ± SD) Expressed as ng/μL | CFU Count (Mean ± SD) Expressed as Number × 105/mL | TP/TP + FN | Positive Percent Agreement (95% CI) |
TN/TN + FP | Negative Percent Agreement (95% CI) |
| C. albicans | ||||||
| Clinical (24) | 29.1 ± 13.5 | 67.0 ± 44.0 | 24/24 + 0 | 100.0 (86.9–100.0) | 68/68 + 0 | 100.0 (94.7–100.0) |
| Simulated (7) | 47.2 ± 14.1 | 121.9 ± 26.9 | 7/7 + 0 | 100.0 (64.6–100.0) | 56/56 + 0 | 100.0 (93.6–100.0) |
| Combined (31) | 32.7 ± 15.3 | 79.4 ± 46.6 | 31/31 + 0 | 100.0 (89.0–100.0) | 124/124 + 0 | 100.0 (97.0–100.0) |
| C. auris | ||||||
| Clinical (0) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Simulated (7) | 44.6 ± 10.6 | 98.3 ± 47.9 | 7/7 + 0 | 100.0 (64.6–100.0) | 56/56 + 0 | 100.0 (93.6–100.0) |
| Combined (7) | 44.6 ± 10.6 | 98.3 ± 47.9 | 7/7 + 0 | 100.0 (64.6–100.0) | 56/56 + 0 | 100.0 (93.6–100.0) |
| C. dubliniensis | ||||||
| Clinical (0) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Simulated (7) | 42.5 ± 18.3 | 122.7 ± 29.4 | 7/7 + 0 | 100.0 (64.6–100.0) | 56/56 + 0 | 100.0 (93.6–100.0) |
| Combined (7) | 42.5 ± 18.3 | 122.7 ± 29.4 | 7/7 + 0 | 100.0 (64.6–100.0) | 56/56 + 0 | 100.0 (93.6–100.0) |
| C. glabrata | ||||||
| Clinical (12) | 25.9 ± 17.4 | 76.3 ± 41.0 | 12/12 + 0 | 100.0 (75.8–100.0) | 80/80 + 0 | 100.0 (95.4–100.0) |
| Simulated (7) | 54.2 ± 10.1 | 139.3 ± 29.7 | 7/7 + 0 | 100.0 (64.6–100.0) | 56/56 + 0 | 100.0 (93.6–100.0) |
| Combined (19) | 36.3 ± 20.4 | 99.5 ± 48.0 | 19/19 + 0 | 100.0 (83.2–100.0) | 136/136 + 0 | 100.0 (97.3–100.0) |
| C. guilliermondii | ||||||
| Clinical (0) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Simulated (7) | 48.8 ± 10.4 | 133.1 ± 22.5 | 7/7 + 0 | 100.0 (64.6–100.0) | 56/56 + 0 | 100.0 (93.6–100.0) |
| Combined (7) | 48.8 ± 10.4 | 133.1 ± 22.5 | 7/7 + 0 | 100.0 (64.6–100.0) | 56/56 + 0 | 100.0 (93.6–100.0) |
| C. krusei | ||||||
| Clinical (2) | 21.0 ± 2.1 | 77.0 ± 7.1 | 2/2 + 0 | 100.0 (34.2–100.0) | 90/90 + 0 | 100.0 (95.9–100.0) |
| Simulated (7) | 53.1 ± 18.1 | 93.6 ± 20.7 | 7/7 + 0 | 100.0 (64.6–100.0) | 56/56 + 0 | 100.0 (93.6–100.0) |
| Combined (9) | 46.0 ± 21.2 | 89.9 ± 19.5 | 9/9 + 0 | 100.0 (70.0–100.0) | 146/146 + 0 | 100.0 (97.4–100.0) |
| C. lusitaniae | ||||||
| Clinical (5) | 13.3 ± 8.2 | 54.7 ± 49.8 | 5/5 + 0 | 100.0 (56.6–100.0) | 87/87 + 0 | 100.0 (93.7–100.0) |
| Simulated (7) | 32.6 ± 10.6 | 129.4 ± 35.7 | 7/7 + 0 | 100.0 (64.6–100.0) | 56/56 + 0 | 100.0 (93.6–100.0) |
| Combined (12) | 24.6 ± 13.6 | 98.3 ± 55.5 | 12/12 + 0 | 100.0 (75.8–100.0) | 143/143 + 0 | 100.0 (97.4–100.0) |
| C. parapsilosis | ||||||
| Clinical (20) | 28.2 ± 18.1 | 56.3 ± 48.0 | 20/20 + 0 | 100.0 (83.9–100.0) | 72/72 + 0 | 100.0 (94.9–100.0) |
| Simulated (7) | 49.5 ± 25.3 | 113.1 ± 24.3 | 7/7 + 0 | 100.0 (64.6–100.0) | 56/56 + 0 | 100.0 (93.6–100.0) |
| Combined (27) | 33.7 ± 21.8 | 71.0 ± 49.6 | 27/27 + 0 | 100.0 (87.5–100.0) | 128/128 + 0 | 100.0 (97.1–100.0) |
| C. tropicalis | ||||||
| Clinical (3) | 21.2 ± 5.6 | 50.5 ± 78.5 | 3/3 + 1 | 75.0 (30.0–95.4) | 89/89 + 0 | 100.0 (95.9–100.0) |
| Simulated (7) | 47.4 ± 20.7 | 114.9 ± 28.2 | 7/7 + 0 | 100.0 (64.6–100.0) | 56/56 + 0 | 100.0 (93.6–100.0) |
| Combined (10) | 37.9 ± 21.0 | 91.5 ± 58.1 | 10/10 + 1 | 90.9 (62.3–100.0) | 145/145 + 0 | 100.0 (97.4–100.0) |
TP, true positive; FN, false negative; TN, true negative; FP, false positive; NA, not available. 1 Include 62 samples from clinical PBCs. Overall, 5 of 62 samples each grew two Candida species (1 C. albicans and 1 C. parapsilosis, two samples; 1 C. albicans and 1 C. tropicalis, two samples; and 1 C. lusitaniae and 1 C. parapsilosis, one sample), thus resulting in 67 isolates of Candida species tested in total. Accordingly, DNA from each of the five samples was treated as if it had been extracted from two separate samples, each positive for one of the two Candida species in the sample. 2 For samples from clinical PBCs (n = 62), the number of TN results for each Candida species (e.g., C. albicans) targeted by the MM YBL-chip assay was calculated by adding 30 (i.e., the number of negative control samples) to a number (e.g., 38) that was obtained by subtracting the number of positive samples for that Candida species (e.g., 24) from 62 (i.e., the number of samples tested). For samples from simulated PBCs (n = 63), the number of TN results for each Candida species targeted by the YBL chip-based assay was calculated by subtracting 7 (i.e., the number of positive samples for that Candida species) from 63 (i.e., the number of samples tested).