Impact of PPE on BAs metabolism in mice: (A) mRNA levels of crucial BAs metabolism genes (CYP7A1, CYP27A1, FXR, SHP, BSEP, NTCP, FGF15, ASBT) in liver and ileum. (B) Western blot analysis of ABST, SHP, FXR, CYP27A1, and CYP7A1 proteins in liver and ileum. (C) Quantitative results of protein bands. Data are shown as mean ± SD (n = 3), with different letters indicating significant differences across groups (P < 0.05). CK: mice fed a standard chow diet with normal saline. HFD: mice fed a high-fat diet with normal saline. HFD+H: mice fed a high-fat diet with high-dose PPE (400 mg/kg/day). HFD+L: mice fed a high-fat diet with low-dose PPE (200 mg/kg/day). HFD+S: mice fed a high-fat diet with statin (10 mg/kg/day).